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CARDIOLOGY YEAR 4 > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is heart failure

A

the heart fails to pump blood

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2
Q

types of heart failure

A

low output

high output

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3
Q

what consists of low output heart failure

A

reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

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4
Q

what are causes of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

A

ischaemic heart disease
dilated cardiomyopathy
myocarditis
arrhythmia

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5
Q

what are causes of preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

A

hypertrophic obstructive
restrictive
cardiac tamponade
pericarditis

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6
Q

what is systolic dysfunction related to

A

reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

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7
Q

what is diastolic dysfunction related to

A

preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

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8
Q

right side heart failure symptoms

A

build up of blood behind heart

signs:
peripheral oedema
hepatomegaly
bloating
anorexia
nausea
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9
Q

left side heart failure symptoms

A

diastolic or systolic problem in the ventricles

signs:
dyspnoea
nocturnal dyspniea
orthopnoea
pulmonary congestion
bi-basal crackles
cyanosis, CAP refill, pale looking
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10
Q

what consists of high output heart failure

A

normal on echocardiogram and normal ejection fraction

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11
Q

causes of high output heart failure

A 
anaemia
pregnancy
thyrotoxicosis 
pagets
arteriovenous malformation
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12
Q

investigations

A

BNP levels
echocardiogram
ECG
chest x-ray

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13
Q

what would be seen on the x-ray

A 
alveolar oedema 
Kerley B line
cardiomegaly 
dilated upper vessels
pleural effusion
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14
Q

chronic management

A

ACEI/beta blocker
spironolactone
ivabradine - >75bpm/LVF < 35%
valsartan - <35 % and symptomatic on ACEI
hydralazine/nitrate - can’t tolerate spironolactone and om treatment for left ventricular systolic dysfunction
digoxin
cardiac resynchronisation - <30% and widened QRS
defib

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15
Q

acute management

A

ABCDE
loop diuretics

Resp failure:
CPAP

Hypotension:
inotropes
vasodilator

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16
Q

what is offered annually for patients with HF

A

influenza vaccine

17
Q

what is important with the management if the patient has CKD

A

increase furosemide dose

18
Q

what do loop diuretics acts on

A

the ascending loop of henle

19
Q

what drugs reduce mortality

A 
ACEI
beta blocker 
A2RB
aldosterone antagonist
hydralazine + nitrate
20
Q

what CCB is licensed for HF

A

amlodipine

CARDIOLOGY YEAR 4 (27 decks)

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