Valves of the heart Flashcards
understand their function and location.
how many valves in the heart? describe
(4) valves: (2) located in between an atrium and ventricle, atrioventricular (AV) and (2) that are each in between a ventricle and major artey (either the aorta or pulmonary artery) those are semilunar (SL)
Right AV valve
tricuspid because it has 3 flaps
Left AV valve
bicuspid because it has 2 flaps
How do AV valves work?
They are like parachutes with strings known as chordae tendineae that attach them to the papillary muscles.
What are the function of AV valves?
contraction of ventricles causes blood pressure incress and the pressure causes the AV valves to close. Papillary muscles contract to take up the slack of chordae tendineae.
what are the names of the semilunar valves?
Pulmonary (semilunar) valve- located inbetween thr right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic (semilunar) valve- located between the left ventricle and aorta.
what are the functions of the semilunar (SL) valves?
relaxation of the ventricles causes blood to flow from a great vessel back into the cusps of the SL valve.
Name the Great Vessels( 5)
Superior vena cava- returns blood to the heart from upper portion of the body. (head, neck, upper limbs and chest)
Inferior vena cava-returns bloodd to the heart fron the rest of the trunk, ( lower limbs and internal organs )
Pulmonary trunk- carries blood away from the heart toward the lungs (split into left and right pulmonary arteies)
Aorta- A very large artery that carries blood to the body( systemic circuit)
Pulmonary veins- carry blood from the pulmonary circuit back to the heart.
Rheumatic fever
damage due to streptoccoccal infection that causes a misdirected immune response. (Type 111 hypersensitivity) causes damage to connective tissue including heart valves. Usally ( mital valve and aortic SL valves)
What is the job of the pulmonary circuit? Right side heart
the right side of the heart pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit. Blood low in oxygen travels to the lungs to drop carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
what is the job of the systemic circuit? Left side heart
the left side of the heart pups blood to the systemic circuit and supplies reoxygenated blood to the body.
can you trace a drop of blood through the heart.
deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart through (3) vesseles ( coronary sinus,inferior venat cava and the superior vena cava). Then blood traves through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. It then enters the pulmonary circuit via pulmonary (semilunar ) valve to the pulmonary trunk which branches into the lright and left pulmonary arteries. After being reoxygenated by the lungs , blood returns to the left side of the heart via pulmonary veins and into left atrium. Then passes through the bicuspid valve to left ventricle. then,blood exits the heart via the aortic valve where it travels to the systematic circuit.
ligamentum arteriosum
a remnant structure that was previously a duct but has closed just prior to birth.
