Circulatory Routes

Question 1

3 Sections of the Aorta

Answer 1

Ascending aorta- two main branches left and right coronary arteries that supply the heart,
Aortic arch has (3) parts -
left subclavian artery-supply’s left shoulder area (upper limb).
left common carotid artery-left side of the head and neck.
Brachiocephalic trunk (artery) -branches into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid atrery.
Descending aorta - 2 sections the upper thoracic section and lower abdominal section (upper limb branch).

Question 2

Upper limb branches

Answer 2

Axillary artery (left or right) - Supplies armpit region
Brachial artery ( left or right) - Supplies the arm and branches into radial and ulnar arteries.
Radial artery (left or right) - a continuation of the brachial artery, located lateral and supplies lateral portion of forearm and wrist.
Ulnar artery (left or right) - located medial and supplies the medial portion of the forearm and wrist.
Superficial and Deep palmar arches - form from the anastomsis of the radial and ulnar arteries.
Subclavian artery (left or right) - Supplies shoulder area.
and Desending aorta - 2 sections the upper thoracic section and the lower abdominal section.

Question 3

Main Branches of the thoracic aorta

Answer 3

Esophageal arteries- supply the esophagus.
Intercostal arteries- Supply the muscles between the ribs and the chest.
Bronchial arteries- supply the branches of the lungs, and bronchi.
Superior phrenic arteries - supply the diaphragm superiorly.

Question 4

Main branches of the abdominal aorta (using the scarecrow analogy)

Answer 4

eyes = the inferior phrenic arteries, supply the inferior portion of the diaphragm.
nose = Celiac trunk (3 branches)- left gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries.
Mouth = Superior mesentric artery, supplies the pancreas and intestines.
Arms = Renal arteries and kidneys
Breast = ovarian or testicular arteries, supply the gonads
Navel = inferior mesenteric artery, supplies the lower portion of the GI tract.
legs = common iliac arteries , supply the pelvis, external genitalia and the legs.

Question 5

vertebral arteries

Answer 5

branch off subclavian arteries, pass through transverse foramina and merge to form basilar artery, supply base of the brain.

Question 6

common carotid artery

Answer 6

branches into the internal and external carotid arteties.

Question 7

cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)

Answer 7

An example of collateral circulation, formed by the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries and anterior and posterior communicating arteries.

Question 8

Where do the basilar artery and internal arteries feed ?

Answer 8

Into the cerebral arterial circle

Question 9

Arteries of the lower extremities

Answer 9

common iliac artery branch into an internal and external iliac artery.
Internal iliac artery - supplies pelvis, buttocks and thigh
External iliac artery - supplies lower limbs, and becomes the femoral arteries.
Femoral artey - is major artery that supplies the muscles of the thigh.
Popliteal artery - the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery at the back of the knee and branches to become the anterior and posterior tibial arteries which supply the legs.
Fibular artey (aka peroneal) - branches off of the posterior tibial artey.