Valve disorders

Question 1

Valve disorder with characteristics of wide pulse pressure, increased preload, high end-systolic volume, and a diastolic murmur.

Answer 1

Aortic regurgitation/insufficiency

Question 2

Valve disorder with characteristics of increased preload, narrow pulse pressure, hypertension, lower stroke volume, and a systolic murmur

Answer 2

Aortic stenosis

Question 3

Which valve disorder is bradycardia contraindicated for

Answer 3

Aortic stenosis; Low stroke volumes, so heart achieves CO by increasing HR to compensate.

Question 4

Which valve disorders are characterized by diastolic murmurs?

Answer 4

Aortic/pulmonic regurg
Mitral/tricuspid stenosis

Question 5

Which valve disorders are characterized by systolic murmurs?

Answer 5

Aortic/Pulmonic stenosis
Mitral/tricuspid regurg

Question 6

The best spot to auscultate the aortic valve would be

Answer 6

2nd intercostal, right sternal border

Question 7

The best spot to auscultate the pulmonic valve would be

Answer 7

2nd intercostal, left sternal border

Question 8

The best spot to auscultate the tricuspid valve would be

Answer 8

5th intercostal space, left sternal border

Question 9

The best spot to auscultate the mitral valve would be

Answer 9

5th intercostal space, mid clavicular

Question 10

Splitting of S2 occurs during _______

Answer 10

inspiration: because the RV ejection period is prolonged due to increased central venous return

Question 11

Paradoxical splitting of S2 occurs due to

Answer 11

a BBB; splitting of heart sound is heard during exhalation instead of inhalation

Question 12

Which heart sound is the longest?

Answer 12

S1

Question 13

Which normal heart sound is the lowest pitch?

Answer 13

S1

Question 14

Which normal heart sound is the highest pitch?

Answer 14

S2

Question 15

Which heart sound is only heard in kids and heart failure?

Answer 15

S3, sound of turbulent blood flow in the ventricle

Question 16

Which heart conditions is S4 audible?

Answer 16

S4 is from forceful atrial contraction against a poorly compliant left ventricle. Mitral stenosis, significant chronic hypertension or left ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 17

Which diastolic murmur is loudest at the start of diastole?

Answer 17

Aortic regurg (when heart begins to relax and blood flows retrograde)

Question 18

Which diastolic murmur is loudest at the end of diastole?

Answer 18

Mitral stenosis (when atria are contracting at end of diastole)

Question 19

Which systolic murmur is loudest?

Answer 19

aortic stenosis

Question 20

What is the normal duration of S1 heart sound?

Answer 20

0.14 seconds

Question 21

What is the normal duration of S2 heart sound?

Answer 21

0.11 seconds