AP II Unit 2 Flashcards
What is contained in the mediastinum?
Heart and large veins/arteries
What are 2 muscles that help with inspiration?
Diaphragm and Intercostal muscles
What ribs do scalene muscles 5, 6, and 7 connect to?
5 = Rib 1
6 = Rib 1
7 = Rib 2
What does the diaphragm fasten to?
The L-spine
What is the main tendon in the diaphragm?
The central tendon
What does the heart rest on?
The central tendon
What are the 3 apertures?
The abdominal aortic, esophageal and caval aperture (this is what the vena cava goes through)
What controls the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
Describe the location of the apertures from most anterior to most posterior
Caval, esophageal and aortic
Describe the lobes of each lung
R = 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior lobes)
L = 2 lobes (superior and inferior lobes)
Describe the fissures of each lung
R = horizontal and oblique fissure
L = oblique fissure
How much does a lung vertically move?
2 - 3 cm
How many segments does the R/L lung have?
R = 10
L = 8 (you start with 10, but as you age 4 fuse, leaving 8 total)
Which bronchus is easier to intubate? Why?
Right mainstem - its less of an angle or rather deviation of the mainstem bronchus
What creates the deeper voice in men?
The more protuberant adams apple; creates longer vocal cords
What connects the hyoid bone to the larynx?
The thyrohyoid membrane
Describe how the epiglottis seals off our airway
The epiglottis can move down some, but because it is fastened to a bone it can’t move much. Therefore, the voice box moving up to seal off the airway is the primary movement
Describe when the conducting and transitional/respiratory zones start/end
Conducting = gen 0 - 16
Tran/Resp = Gen 17 - 23
When do alveoli start to show up?
Generation 17
What is the difference of alveolar sacs and ducts?
Ducts = the air can still go somewhere
Sac = terminal ending a “cul-de-sac” of alveoli
What anatomic location does gas exchange start?
Respiratory bronchioles
How much more reserve do the lungs have relative to the heart?
About 3x as much
What lab value indicates cyanosis?
DeoxyHgb greater than 5 gm/dL
What is the total lung capacity (TLC)?
6 L