Cardiac Lecture 3 Flashcards
Hypereffective/enhanced ventricular pumping will ______ right atrial pressure
decrease
To enhance cardiac output, our body chooses to do this by changing _______
constricting veins (decrease compliance), increasing systemic filling pressure, increasing venous return, increasing volume
Increased thoracic pressure _______ cardiac output
decreases
Drug given to constrict veins
phenylephrine
Adding more routes for blood to take will ______ vascular resistance
decrease
Reducing routes for blood to take will ________ SVR
increase
Beriberi is a deficiency of
vitamin B1, impacts the way cells use energy. they are less efficient and consume more energy
Cardiac index units
L/min/m²
Normal cardiac index
3 L/min/m²
normal body surface area (70kg adult)
1.7m²
Normal intrapleural pressure is
-4mmHg
-4mmHg equivalent is cmH2O is ____
-5 cmH2O
Intrapleural pressure on exhalation is _____
+2 mmHg
Intrapleural pressure on inhalation is ______
-5.5mmHg
increased pleural pressure can be caused by
exhalation, positive pressure mechanical ventilation, opening chest cavity
SVR is governed by
arterioles right before capillaries
A drug class that we can consider an arterial specific vasodilator is ____
ACE inhibitors
A drug that we can consider a venular-specific vasodilator
Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin is good for MI because it
decreases workload of the heart, is a preload reducer
What age range is cardiac index increasing?
birth to 10 years old
ACE inhibitors reduce _______
afterload
What are the effects of an arterial-specific vasodilator on CO and Psf?
- same Psf
- decreased RVR → increased CO
What are the effects of a venular-specific vasodilator on CO and Psf?
- decreased Psf
- decreased CO (no change to RVR)
_______ is an example of a mixed vasodilator
Sodium nitroprusside
What are the effects of sodium nitroprusside?
both RVR and Psf reduced → drop in CO
- Psf more important
Describe the effects of venous vs arterial constriction
- venous constriction = increased systemic filling pressure
- arterial constriction = reduced slope (increased SVR)
What part of the venous return graph does RVR alter?
slope of the venous return line
