Valve Disease Flashcards
What causes the noise of a cardiac murmur?
Noise due to turbulent blood flow within the heart
Diastolic or systolic murmurs are in time with the carotid pulse?
Sytolic
What is a thrill?
Palpable murmur
Are left or right sided murmurs louder on inspiration?
Right sided
Main non-invasive investigation for diagnosing cardiac murmurs?
Echocardiography
Name an invasive investigation for diagnosing cardiac murmurs?
Angiography/catheterisation
What are the 2 causes (apart from rheumatics) of aortic stenosis?
Congenital bicuspid valve
Calcification with age
Can aortic stenosis patients be asymptomatic?
Yes
What type of murmur is aortic stenosis and where does it radiate?
Ejection systolic and carotids
What are some signs of aortic stenosis?
Slow-rising pulse
Heaving apex
What are the 2 causes (apart from rheumatics) of mitral regurgitation?
Chordae/papillary rupture
Leaflet prolapse
What type of murmur is mitral regurgitation and where does it radiate?
Pansystolic and axilla
Name a feature of mitral regurgitation?
Displaced apex beat
What is the main cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic disease
What type of murmur is mitral stenosis and where is it heard?
Mid-diastolic rumble and apex