Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1 MBChB Cardiology > Arrhythmias + Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Arrhythmias + Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classes of arrhythmias?

A

Supraventricular

Ventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are ectopic beats?

A

Beats/rhythms that originate outwith the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Triggered activity is caused by?

A

Afterdepolarisations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EADS + DADs are associated with which phases and speed of HR?

A

EADs (phase 2/3 and slow) DADs (phase 4 and fast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Re-entry circuits are formed by … and can cause what 2 things?

A

Fibrous rings and heart block or arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the investigations you would do for arrythmias?

A

ECG/exercise ECG/24hr ECG
CXR
Echocardiogram
EP study (induce arrhythmia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How would acute AVRNT and AVRT be managed?

A

Vagal manoeuvres (vasalva), carotid massage
IV adenosine
IV verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WPW is an examples of a + ECG sign?

A

AVRT + delta wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of choice for managing chronic arrhythmias?

A

Radiofrequency ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which drugs must be stopped before radiofrequency ablation?

A

Antiarrhythmic drugs 3-5 days beforehand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is notorious for causing AV block in young people?

A

Cytomegalovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe 1st degree AV block

A

PR > 0.2 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe 2nd degree Mobitz 1 AV block

A

PR lengthens until a QRS is dropped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe 2nd degree Mobitz 2 AV block

A

2:1 or 3:1 P waves conduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe 3rd degree AV block

A

P waves without QRS complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 2 heart blocks needs pacing + drug that can be used for heart block?

A

Mobitz II and 3rd degree + atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between monomorphic and polymorphic VT?

A

QRS complex looks similar in monomorphic VT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How would acute VT be treated?

A

DC cardioversion if unstable

IV Adenosine if unsure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 classifications of AF?

A

Paroxysmal
Persistent
Permanent

20
Q

Define paroxysmal AF

A

Lasting less than 48 hours

21
Q

Define persistent AF

A

Greater than 48 hours which can be cardioverted to normal sinus rhythm

22
Q

Define permanent AF

A

AF that is unable to be restored to normal sinus rhythm via pharma + non pharmacological methods

23
Q

What is meant by lone AF?

A

AF where a cause cannot be found

24
Q

What would a typical ECG of AF show?

A

Rate greater than 300 bpm
Irregularly QRS
P waves absent

25
What would a typical ECG of atrial flutter show?
Rate greater than 300 bpm Regular QRS P waves absent Saw tooth F wave
26
Drugs for rate control in AF?
B blockers Verapamil, diltiazem Digoxin
27
2 methods of rhythm control in AF?
Amiodarone | DC cardioversion
28
What score is used to evaluate if an AF patient needs anti-coagulated + explain + key value?
CHA2DS2VASC CHF, Hypertension, Age (>75), Diabetes, Stroke, Vascular, Age (>65), Sex/Category Score > 2 needs anticoagulation
29
AF is associated with people with?
Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis
30
Treatment for sinus bradycardia and sick sinus syndrome?
Atropine (acute) then pacing
31
Torsades des Pointes is a .... and is treated with + associated with which 2 inherited conditions?
Polymorphic VT and IV magnesium sulphate + Long QT and Brugada
32
Size of AVRNT and AVRT circuit?
``` AVRNT = microcircuit AVRT = macrocircuit ```
33
Sinus bradycardia can be caused by what 3 things?
Athleticism, beta blockers or ischemia
34
SVTs have a .... QRS complex?
Narrow
35
2 drugs that can cause heart block?
Beta blockers and CCBs
36
Sinus arrhythmia is caused by?
Heart rate changing on inspiration
37
Appearance of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Big flabby heart
38
2 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Genetics and alochol
39
Explain the mechanism of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy/HOCUM + diastolic or systolic dysfunction?
Heart is strong but unable to relax + diastolic
40
Bulging septum and irregular fibres?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
41
SCD in athlete cardiomyopathy?
Hypertrophic
42
Cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy + example?
Deposits of foreign material + amyloid
43
ARVD cause + usually presents as?
Ventricle walls replaced by fat + SCD in athletes
44
Biatrial dilation?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
45
AL amyloid?
Immunoglobulin light chain
46
AA amyloid?
RA

Year 1 MBChB Cardiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions