Values & Perception

Question 1

What do values do to a person?

Answer 1

Influences their attitudes, perception and behaviours

Question 2

Define values.

Answer 2

basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence

Question 3

Is there a consensus on what all the values are?

Answer 3

No, there is no definitive number or set of values

Question 4

Define perception.

Answer 4

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment

Question 5

What is social perception?

Answer 5

Perceptions people form about each other

Question 6

What is attribution theory?

Answer 6

An attempt to determine of an individual’s behaviour is internally or externally caused

Question 7

What are the three determining factors of attribution theory and describe each?

Answer 7

1. Distinctiveness: Display of different behaviour in different situations
2. Concenus: Responds the same way as everyone else
3. Consistency: Responds the same over time

Question 8

Slides 12-13

Question 9

Define self-serving bias.

Answer 9

tendency of individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame on external factors

Question 10

Define the fundamental attribution error

Answer 10

tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behaviour of others

Question 11

What are the four judgement heuristics that distort perception?

Answer 11

Selective perception
Halo effect
stereotyping
Contrast effect

Question 12

Define selective perception

Answer 12

Any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out will increase the likelihood that it will be perceived. We cannot assimilate everything so selectively observe

Question 13

Define halo effect

Answer 13

Drawing a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic, such as intelligence, likeability, or appearance

Question 14

Define stereotyping and what is another word for a negative stereotype?

Answer 14

Judging someone on the basis of the perception of the group to which they belong. An over-generalized belief about a particular category of people that may not apply to a particular person or situation.
Negative stereotypes are also called stigmas

Question 15

Define Contrast effect

Answer 15

Evaluation of a person’s characteristics is influenced
by comparisons with others we have recently encountered

Question 16

Why does perception matter?

Answer 16

Influence how we see others and how others see us