Validity

Question 1

Reliability is to do with? But validity is to do with?

Answer 1

Consistency truthfulness

Question 2

What are the issues of IV?

Answer 2

1 - social desirability
2 - researcher bias
3 - demand characteristics

Question 3

What are the issues of EV?

Answer 3

1- population validity

2 - ecological validity

Question 4

Validity definition?

Answer 4

A measure of whether a study legitimately measures what it claims to measure

Question 5

Internal Validity definition?

Answer 5

The degree to which a study or test measures what it is intended to measure

Question 6

External Validity definition?

Answer 6

The degree to which research findings can be generalised to other situations or ppl

Question 7

Ways of dealing w issues of IV - E.Vs?

Answer 7

Control - experimental design/ standardise procedure. Counterbalancing

Question 8

Ways of dealing w issues of IV - Demand characteristics ?

Answer 8

Use a single blind study -> this means that ppts are not old the aim of a study before they take part/ or they are lied to about the aim

Question 9

Ways of dealing w issues of IV - researcher bias?

Answer 9

Use a double blind study -> this means that both ppts and the investigator collecting the data are not aware of the aims of the research at the start of a study

Question 10

Ways of dealing w issues of IV - social desirability?

Answer 10

Make research anonymous and ensure confidentiality or use a lie scale -> if ppts’ think their results are anonymous they are more likely to be honest/ authentic

Question 11

Ways of dealing w issues of IV - general issues with the study/ test/ measurement/ test is inaccurate?

Answer 11

Conduct a pilot study (trial run) -> trial run of research to identify any unnoticed EVs

Question 12

Ways of dealing with external validity - unrepresentative sample? (issues of pop validity)

Answer 12

• Use a more representative sample -> e.g. stratified/ quota method
• carry out the study on different groups of people or increase the size of the sample group (250+ ppts)

Question 13

Ways of dealing w issues of EV - artificial settings or tasks used?(issue of ecological validity)

Answer 13

Use a more natural setting e.g. field experiment OR use a more realistic task e.g. remembering words on a shopping list

Question 14

Internal Validity is?

Answer 14

Inside the study - is it measuring the effect of just the IV on the DV

Question 15

ALWAYS MAKE SURE TO?

Answer 15

LINK TO SCENARIO

Question 16

External validity is?

Answer 16

Whether the findings can be generalised outside of the study to: target pop or ecological validity

Question 17

what is ecological validity?

Answer 17

the extent to which findings of a study can be generalized to real life settings, often a problem for laboratory studies

Question 18

what is population validity?

Answer 18

the extent to which the findings from a study can be generalised to the target population or to alternative groups, usually an issue when there is small or biased sample groups

Question 19

acronym - how to assess/ establish if valid?

Answer 19

use 
C
C
C
F
P

Question 20

How to assess/ establish if valid- content validity?

Answer 20

use an independent expert to assess the content (measures) of the study
concerns INTERNAL V

Question 21

How to assess/ establish if valid- concurrent V?

Answer 21

compare test in study to one that is already seen as valid - SAME PPTS DO BOTH TESTS - (NB compare tests not studies)
MEANS OF ESTABLISHING EXTERNAL V

Question 22

How to assess/ establish if valid- construct V?

Answer 22

use a construct (theory or idea) to establish if a test is legitimate
IV

Question 23

How to assess/ establish if valid- Face V?

Answer 23

the researcher looks at their test to see if it is measuring what is claims to measure
EXTERNAL V

Question 24

How to assess/ establish if valid- predictive?

Answer 24

researcher makes predictions of the outcome of test then compares to actual findings, e.g. predicts their personality test will identify different personality types