Validity

Question 1

What is validity?

Answer 1

• the extent to which the instruments that are used in the EXP measure exactly what you intend them to measure

Question 2

What are the 2 types of validity?

Answer 2

• internal validity
• external validity

Question 3

What is internal validity?

Answer 3

• The tool is measuring what it is intended to measure
• the manipulation of the IV leads to observed result

Question 4

What are the factors that can affect internal validity?

Answer 4

• extraneous variables
  -confounding variables
• demand characteristics
• investigator effects
• social desirability

Question 5

What is external validity?

Answer 5

• can the findings be generalised beyond the context of the research situation
  e.g to other people and places

Question 6

What is ecological validity?

Answer 6

• a form of external validity
• extent to which the research effect is likely to be demonstrated in other settings

Question 7

What are investigator effects?

Answer 7

occur when the presence of the investigator affects the outcome of the research

Question 8

What are demand characteristics?

Answer 8

• when p’s try to work out the aim of the experiment and change their behaviour
• please you effect
• screw you effect

Question 9

What is social desirability bias?

Answer 9

p’s change their behaviour or answers to present themselves in a way they deem ‘socially acceptable’

Question 10

How would issues with internal validity be dealt with?

Answer 10

The items on the questionnaire, interview or test need to be revised.

Question 11

How would issues with external validity be dealt with?

Answer 11

Make the sample more representative.

Question 11

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 11

• compares your method with an already established method.
  both measures should be the same if compared
• if the scores correlate as a strong positive (+0.8) the test is deemed as acceptable.

Question 12

What is predictive validity?

Answer 12

• whether the scores on the test predict what you expect them to

Question 13

What is face validity?

Answer 13

• whether the measuring tool appears to be doing what it should

Question 14

What is content validity?

Answer 14

• involves looking at what extent the method of measurement does indeed measure what you are asking it to

Question 15

What is construct validity?

Answer 15

The extent to which the measure measures the construct.