Participants

Question 1

What is a sample?

Answer 1

A part of a population that is used to represent the entire group.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a sample?

Answer 2

-Representative
-Generalised to a target population

Question 3

What is a sampling frame?

Answer 3

A list which specifies the target population.

Question 4

What is random sampling?

Answer 4

• randomly selected (lottery method/ random number generator)
• Equal chance of being selected

Question 5

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of random sampling

Answer 5

STRENGTHS
-unbiased
-representative
WEAKNESSES
- can be difficult and time consuming: having to list and contact all members.
- may end up with a biased sample

Question 6

What is opportunity sampling?

Answer 6

-Where P’s are selected at the researchers convenience.
- No details about the sample are known in advance

Question 7

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of opportunity sampling

Answer 7

STRENGTHS
- cost/time efficient
- easy
WEAKNESSES
- bias
- may not be ethical to ask certain people to be in the research. (vulnerable people)

Question 8

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 8

• where every nth person is selected by the researcher.
  e.g. the researcher will selected the 10th, 15th and the 4th participant.

Question 9

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of systematic sampling.

Answer 9

STRENGTHS
- unbiased as p’s are selected by an objective system
WEAKNESSES
- sample may be biased if the number isn’t selected by a random number generator.

Question 10

What is stratified/quota sampling/?

Answer 10

• the target group is divided into sub groups then the participant is selected randomly.

Question 11

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of stratified/quota sampling

Answer 11

STRENGTHS
-all subgroups are represented in the sample
WEAKNESSES
- time consuming to identify subgroups, select p’s and contact them
- participant randomly selected may not be representative

Question 12

what is the one difference between stratified and quota sampling?

Answer 12

stratified
- sample selection is done using a random technique
quota
- sample selection is done using a non-random technique

Question 13

What is self selected sampling?

Answer 13

• participants volunteer for research

Question 14

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of self selected sampling

Answer 14

STRENGTHS
- P’s are interested in taking part
WEAKNESS
- people who volunteer may not be from appropriate sub groups
- may not have sufficient P’s willing to take part

Question 15

What is snowball sampling?

Answer 15

• P’s initially recruited by the researcher
• Then the participant recruits other people

Question 16

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of snowball sampling?

Answer 16

STRENGTHS
- helpful to investigate rare characteristics/behaviours
WEAKNESSES
- time consuming
- initial p’s may not know a sufficient amount of p’s who share the rare characteristic

Question 17

What are the observational sampling techniques

Answer 17

Event sampling
time sampling

Question 18

What is event sampling?

Answer 18

• recording on the checklist the number of times a particular behaviour occurs

Question 19

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of event sampling

Answer 19

STRENGTHS
- builds a picture of specific behaviour
WEAKNESSES
- if too many observations happen at a time, may be difficult to record everything
- if the event is complex the observer will miss details

Question 20

What is time sampling?

Answer 20

• behaviour is recorded with a pre established timeframe
  e.g. every 60 seconds

Question 21

STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES of time sampling

Answer 21

STRENGTHS
- reduces the amount of observations made
WEAKNESSES
- some behaviours may be missed making the observation unrepresentative