Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAR153 > Vaginitis > Flashcards

Vaginitis Flashcards

1
Q

Describe normal vaginal secretions.

A

slight or no odour
clear to white (consistency of egg whites)
viscous and homogeneous
1-4ml secreted daily
acidic (pH 3.8-4.2)
5-10 bacterial species that can usually be cultured
-lactobacillus predominate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can impact secretions throughout the cycle?

A

stress
diet
medications
sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are all the different colours of vaginal discharge? What do they mean?

A

white: healthy discharge, yeast infection
clear: healthy discharge, pregnancy, ovulation, hormonal
imbalances
gray: bacterial vaginosis
pink: cervical bleeding, vaginal irritation, implantation bleeding
red: menstruation, cervical infection, cervical polyp,
endometrial or cervical cancer
yellow-green: sexually transmitted infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In regards to colour-coded vaginal discharge, what are some variations to keep in mind?

A

cycle
lifestyle
environment
each individual serves as their own best baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is vaginitis?

A

inflammation of the vulva (outside), vagina (inside) or both
-with or without vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of vaginitis?

A

majority of the time due to an infection:
-bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis,
or STI
may also be noninfectious:
-atrophy during peri-menopause
-physiologic (change in normal flora, mid-cycle cervical fluid)
-retention of foreign body (tampon)
-allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false: viral genital infections generally cause vaginitis

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four types of vaginitis?

A

vulvovaginal candidiasis
bacterial vaginosis
atrophy
trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe vulvovaginal candidiasis.

A

severe pruritis of vulva and vaginal areas
stinging/burning
“cottage cheese” discharge
odourless
pH<4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe bacterial vaginosis.

A

fishy odour
creamy discharge (grey)
pH 5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe atrophy.

A

vaginal discharge
spotting
soreness and burning
pH 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe trichomoniasis.

A

frothy wet discharge
pruritis possible
malodourous
pH>6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which types of vaginitis do we refer to an MD?

A

bacterial vaginosis
trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List off things that can alter the normal vaginal flora.

A

puberty
menstruation
estrogen or OCP therapy
pregnancy
post-menopause
antibiotics
vaginal surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are risk factors for infection?

A

uncontrolled diabetes
broad spectrum antibiotics
immunosuppression
medications
diet
stress
pregnancy
menses
chemical irritants
synthetic, non-breathable undergarments and clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of vaginitis?

A

an overgrowth of yeast cells Candida albicans that is already present in vulvovaginal area
the overgrowth can be initiated by risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differentiate between complicated and uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis.

A

uncomplicated: sporadic, easily treated, caused by Candida
albicans
complicated: recurrent, severe disease, not caused by C.
albicans, or abnormal host factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does vulvovaginal candidiasis peak in women?

A

30-40 years of age
risk increases in 20s and is rare before puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

itching, soreness and/or burning discomfort
dysuria
dyspareunia
heavy white vaginal discharge (odourless)
bright red rash affecting inner and outer parts of the vulva

20
Q

When do we refer vulvovaginal candidiasis to a doctor?

A

symptoms for 1st time
discharge has colour, coloured or profuse
presence of other symptoms
pregnant
pre-pubertal (<12)
diabetes or other underlying chronic illness
recurrence within 2 months
immunosuppressed
at risk of STI (unprotected sex, multiple partners)

21
Q

How does the vaginal infection screening test work?

A

it tests pH, higher pH turns green/blue meaning it is likely not a yeast infection
bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis show elevated pH

22
Q

True or false: there are no long-term consequences of vulvovaginal candidiasis to fertility that we know of

A

true

23
Q

True or false: bacterial vaginosis has no associated increased risk of getting an STI

A

false
risk of getting an STI increases and passing an STI

24
Q

When is OTC treatment appropriate for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

uncomplicated infection
VVC previously diagnosed

25
Q

Describe clotrimazole treatment for VVC.

A

Oral
-500mg vaginal tab x 1 dose
-or 200mg vaginal tablet x 3 nights
1% topical cream
-1 applicatorful of vaginal cream PV at bedtime x 7 days
-2% cream x 3 days, 10% cream x 1 day
-apply externally to vulva daily-bid prn for itch

26
Q

Describe miconazole treatment for VVC.

A

Oral
-100mg vaginal ovule HS for 7 days
-or 400mg HS x 3 nights
-or 1200mg HS x 1 dose
2% topical cream
-1 applicatorful of vaginal cream PV at bedtime x 7 days
-4% cream x 3 days
-apply externally to vulva daily-bid prn

27
Q

What are some side effects of miconzaole and clotrimazole?

A

very uncommon, maybe an allergy or irritation

28
Q

Describe oral fluconazole treatment.

A

1 dose 150mg
do not use in girls <12 years
can be used with azole topical external cream
results within 3-7 days

29
Q

What are side effects of oral fluconazole treatment?

A

nausea
abdominal pain
headaches
diarrhea
dyspepsia

30
Q

What must you do if you recommend oral fluconazole?

A

check for drug interactions

31
Q

Describe boric acid treatment.

A

600mg in 1 gelatin capsule
1 capsule inserted PV OD or BID x 14-28 days
not to be taken orally

32
Q

What can a patient expect with treatment of vaginal yeast infections?

A

adverse effects are uncommon
allergies are possible
irritation can be dose related
successful therapy will resolve within 7 days
short course therapy does not achieve results faster than long course therapy

33
Q

What is some information to tell a patient about treatment of vaginal yeast infections?

A

how to use, duration, side effects
continue until course finished
nighttime is a good time to use
condom or diapragm efficacy reduced
continue through menstrual period (do not use tampons)
generally arent sexually transmitted to partner
intercourse not recommended during therapy

34
Q

What is a natural treatment for vaginal yeast infections?

A

plain yogurt with no sweeteners

35
Q

How can vaginitis be prevented?

A

control risk factors
general hygiene
probiotics

36
Q

What are prescription treatments for vaginal yeast infections? When are these products used?

A

terconazole 0.4% cream PV x 7 days
topical nystatin
-used in suspected resistant infections, pregnant women, drug
coverage

37
Q

When do we suspect that vaginal yeast infections are recurrent?

A

4 or more infections within a year
the infections have caused symptoms
infections were not related to the use of antibiotics

38
Q

What is the treatment for recurrent vaginal yeast infections?

A

fluconazole 150mg PO once every 3 days for 3 doses
boric acid 300-600mg cap placed in the vagina OD for 14 days

39
Q

What are the treatments of vaginal yeast infections in pregnancy?

A

oral fluconazole (but recommended to avoid)
topical or vaginal azole for 7 days
topical nystatin

40
Q

What is vaginal douching?

A

instilling fluid into the vagina in a flushing manner
not a necessary part of vaginal cleanliness and can be harmful
warm water, vinegar and water, sodium bicarbonate and water, various commercial products

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of vaginal douching?

A

disruption of normal flora
vaginal irritation
possibly increase the risk of ascending infection

42
Q

What are the treatments for bacterial vaginosis?

A

metronidazole 500mg PO BID for 7 days
metronidazole gel 0.75%, one applicator (5g) OD vaginally for 5 days
clindamycin cream 2%, one applicator (5g) OD vaginally for 7 days
CanesBalance

43
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A

malodourous
discharge is purulent (thin/frothy, green/yellow)
burning
dyspepsia
frequent urination
dyspareunia

44
Q

What are the treatments for trichomoniasis?

A

metronidazole 2g PO in a single dose
metronidazole 500mg PO BID for 7 days

45
Q

How long does resolution take with miconazole or clotrimazole treatment for VVC?

A

7 days
even if its the 1 or 3 day treatment

PHAR153 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions