Childhood Skin Diseases Flashcards
Describe Fifth disease.
starts with a cold (parvovirus)
appears as a slapped cheek (but it can be on the body)
common in 5-7 year olds
no treatment
contagious
rash lasts 2 weeks to a month
How does Fifth disease typically present itself at the start?
begins with a low fever, headache, and cold-like symptoms
Describe Roseola.
aka Sixth disease
viral
common in 2-3 year olds (younger than 5th disease)
no treatment
contagious
maculopapular rash
How does Sixth disease typically present itself at the start?
high fever and cold
True or false: fever and rash is worse in 5th disease than it is in 6th disease
false
6th disease has a worse fever and rash
What kind of skin condition does Roseola look like?
maculopapular
What kind of skin condition does 5th disease look like?
erythema
Is the rash of 6th disease an itchy rash?
nope
Describe Hand/Foot/Mouth disease and how it appears.
viral (GI)
starts with a cold
no treatment
kids less than 5yrs
how it appears:
-2 days fever
-2 days mouth sores
-2 days rash
Why is HFM so hard to diagnose?
the initial symptoms are typical of a cold (fever, sore throat, feeling ill)
rashes are common after a cold
What might help you differentiate HFM from the cold?
sores in the mouth
rash in HFM is more so on feet and hands
Describe Molluscum and how it appears.
viral (similar to warts and often seen with warts)
spread via skin-to-skin contact
treatment is freezing or surgical curettage
can self eradicate at 12 months or longer
how it appears:
-10 to 20 lesions
Describe Erythema toxicum.
flat red splotches, white pimple-like bump in middle
half of all babies get this
seen in first few days of life, gone in 7-14d
generally benign (gentle)
Describe Milia.
looks like baby acne because they are white little bumps
dead skin becomes trapped near surface of skin
show up a day or two after birth
not painful
no treatment
Describe Milia.
looks like baby acne because they are white little bumps
dead skin becomes trapped near surface of skin
show up a day or two after birth
not painful
no treatment
Describe Impetigo.
most common bacterial skin infection in 2-5 year olds, although it can affect any age group
staph aureus or strep pyogenes
involves red sores on the face, especially around mouth and nose
sores can burst and develop honey-coloured crusts
regional lymphadenopathy (swollen glands)
2-3 weeks
What is bullous impetigo?
less common form of impetigo where large blisters appear on the trunk
THINK REFERRAL
What is ecthyma?
a more serious form of impetigo that penetrates deeper into the skin which causes painful fluid/pus-filled sores that turn into ulcers
rare
Where would you find Tinea? How does it appear?
on the face
ring-like structure
What are good ways to differentiate cold sores from impetigo?
cold sores generally appear on the lips, impetigo is around the mouth or nose
cold sores have a tingly feeling, impetigo is painless
cold sores form red blisters, impetigo can be red but generally breaks and becomes yellow crust
What are the gram positive and gram negatives in Polysporin?
gram +: bacitracin or gramicidin
gram -: polymyxin
Are Polysporin products with 3 agents better than Polysporin products with 2 agents?
no
What are the agents we can prescribe for Impetigo? What are the directions we will tell the patient?
mupirocin 2% (cream or oint) or fusidic acid 2% (cream or oint)
mupirocin=bactroban
fusidic acid=fucidin
directions: TID for 7D
If the crust of impetigo is very thick, how can we improve antibiotic contact?
warm water compress to soften the crust and then remove
What is the new agent that an MD might consider for impetigo?
ozenoxacin
True or false: folliculitis is only seen in childhood
false
What is folliculitis? What does it look like?
it is when hair follicles become infected (usually staph)
appears as itchy, white, pus-filled bumps
What are furuncles and carbuncles?
deeper version of folliculitis, much more painful than normal folliculitis
furuncles (boils) are skin abscesses from infection that affect hair follicle and surrounding tissue, the bumps fill with pus
carbuncles are groups of furuncles that affect deeper layers
What are some risk factors for folliculitis?
shaving
regularly wearing clothes that trap heat and sweat (rubber gloves or high boots)
damaging hair follicles via waxing, shaving or tight clothing
What is the treatment for folliculitis that we can prescribe? What are the directions?
mupirocin or fusidic acid
TID for 10D
How do we treat furuncles?
warm compresses to help speed the rupturing of furuncles
antibiotics may be needed
doctor might drain them with sterile instruments
MAJORITY HEAL WITHOUT INTERVENTION
What is a good way to describe mononucleosis?
like having a long term cold
What could happen if you are prescribed amoxicillin for mono?
a rash could ensure
amoxicillin-induced rash secondary to mononucleosis (EBV) infection
Describe some facts about measles, mumps, rubella (German measles), and chicken pox.
all are viral
measles is harder on kids than German measles
chicken pox is itchier than measles
chicken pox are small vesicles that crust over
mumps hits the jaw glands
not much therapy for any
What is the MMR-Var vaccine for and when it is it given? What about Varicella vaccine?
MMR Var: measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (12 months and 18 months)
Varicella: chicken pox
Which vaccines are the worst for rashes?
vaccines for chicken pox and measles
What are some symptoms of vaccine reactions?
local: swelling, redness, pain
fever
delayed: rash
anaphylaxis
What is a common reaction to the MMR vaccine?
maculopapular rash
What are the symptoms of measles?
fever of 39-40C
quite sick for 3-5D
dry and raspy cough can last after rash clears
rash
lasts 7-14D
Describe German measles.
generally mild disease in kids 5-9yrs old
mild fever
tender lymph nodes
rash begins on face and spreads down
rash and itch can last up to 3d
many people have few or no symptoms
What are the symptoms of chicken pox?
low-grade fever
headache
rash, clear vesicle arises
vesicles rupture and then crust
maculopapular rash
Describe the progression of chicken pox.
starts with red spots anywhere on body
spots fill with fluid, blisters may burst
spots scab over
What are the therapies for chicken pox?
acetaminophen
calamine
cold compress
What should we not give for chicken pox?
ibuprofen or ASA
What is mumps?
swelling of the parotid glands
viral
may people have no symptoms
What do furuncles look like?
pink or red bumps, surrounding skin is red and inflamed
painful
