Derm Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What are some properties of the skin?

A

protective properties
slightly acid–>antibacterial
synthesizes vitamin D (UVB hitting skin)
photo reactions to drug therapy (via UVA)

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2
Q

What does a phototoxic reaction look like on the skin?

A

exaggerated sunburns

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3
Q

Describe the anatomy of the skin.

A

very thin
as cells move up they die
lipids present on outer layer

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4
Q

What determines pliability of the skin?

A

moisture
dry skin: starts to crack
moisturized: pliable

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5
Q

What are each of the following important for: epidermis, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, and melanocytes

A

epidermis: dry skin, aging, being a barrier
sebaceous gland: acne, seborrhea
sweat gland: heat-related illness
melanocytes: melanoma, vitiligo, suntan

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6
Q

Which structures are found in the dermis and hypodermis?

A

dermis: hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
hypodermis: subcutaneous tissue, connective and adipose tissue

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7
Q

Which component of the skin is responsible for sensations of itch, stinging, and pain?

A

dermis

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8
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands? Where do you find these sweat glands?

A

eccrine (all over the body) and apocrine (under arms and anogenital area)

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9
Q

What could be a symptom of psoriasis on the toenails?

A

tiny little pits on the toenail

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10
Q

What is considered to be the biggest barrier to overcome for drug delivery on the skin? What happens if this barrier is compromised?

A

stratum corneum
if it is compromised then absorption increases

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11
Q

What are the factors affecting drug absorption on the skin?

A

skin hydration (moist is better)
pH of drug and vehicle
thickness of application (depends on use)
temp of skin (heated skin increases absorption)
damaged skin

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12
Q

If an area is scaly and appears chronic, what is your recommendation?

A

ointment

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13
Q

How do you measure a fingertip unit?

A

from the end of the finger to the first crease in the finger

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14
Q

How much area of skin does one FTU cover?

A

twice the size of a flat adult hand

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15
Q

Which lesions go together in the same groups?

A

vesicles, blistering, bullae
erythema, wheal, papule, pustule, abscess
crusting, scales, plaque, patch
excoriation

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16
Q

A patient shows you their skin and there is blistering, clear fluid underneath the blisters, and the skin is above the plane. They also say they think it is due to an allergic reaction or a chemical from work. What is the most likely lesion present here?

A

vesicles, blistering, or bullae

17
Q

A patient has a very red spot on their skin. They tell you that they started using a new deodorant. What is the most likely lesion present here? What are some other causes of this lesion?

A

erythema
other causes of erythema: shaving, infectious process, allergy

18
Q

What causes a wheal? What does it look like?

A

reaction between histamine and allergen
little pimple-like bump at the site of irritation

19
Q

How many minutes of sunlight exposure produces enough vitamin D in a day?

A

20 minutes

20
Q

Which lesions are common in acne? What kind of process is occurring?

A

papule, pustule, nodule, cyst
inflammation and infectious processes

21
Q

Which lesion is in the realm of folliculitis? Where is the prime spot? Should you squeeze it?

A

abscess
prime spot is back of neck
squeezing it will do more damage than good

22
Q

What is impetigo?

A

bacterial infection on the face of young kids

23
Q

Which lesions present when skin conditions start to last longer?

A

scales, plaque, patch, lichenification

24
Q

Which lesions get above the plane of the skin?

A

scales and plaque

25
Q

What is lichenification?

A

the skin thickening over time to protect itself
body reacting to trauma?

26
Q

What is excoriation?

A

mechanical irritation that is consistent in area x and removing top parts of the skin which is exposing sub components
this causes epidermal water loss

27
Q

Which medical condition causes lower sensitivity in the feet? Which skin condition are these people more prone to?

A

diabetes
ulceration

28
Q

What is maculopapular rash? What is it applicable to?

A

a combination of macule and papule, the spots are flat and raised
applicable to drug therapy, measles, and sixth disease

29
Q

What is the thought process when a skin condition is presented?

A

un-medicated soothing lotion?
antibiotic or antifungal?
do nothing?
topical steroid?