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PHAR153 > Sun Health > Flashcards

Sun Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are some characteristics of UVA?

A

“tanning rays”
photo reactions

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2
Q

What are some characteristics of UVB?

A

“burning rays”
vit D production

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3
Q

Which UV radiation is cancer causing?

A

UVC

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4
Q

How many new cases of skin cancer are there per year?

A

> 80 000
9000 will be melanoma, 1200 die

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5
Q

What is actinic keratosis?

A

skin condition by UV radiation
considered a precancer
occurs on sun-exposed parts of the body
rough, dry, scaly patches

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6
Q

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

A

basal cell carcinoma
-occurs on sun exposed parts of the body

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7
Q

What is the second most common skin cancer?

A

squamous cell carcinoma
-starts in epidermis, penetrates underlying tissue if not
treated
-occurs on sun exposed areas
-wart-like growth that crusts, red patch, elevated

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8
Q

What is the strategy used to identify melanoma?

A

ABCD
asymmetry
border (uneven edges)
color (various shades)
diameter (larger than 6mm)

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9
Q

What are phototoxic reactions?

A

drug becomes activated by sunlight
appears like a sunburn
fast onset (generally acute)
clears once the drug is discontinued
dose of drug matters (more is worse)

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10
Q

What are photoallergic reactions?

A

sun changes structure of drug and now drug is seen as an antigen
resembles eczema
takes 1-2 days to appear (chronic)
can move to unexposed skin
mainly topical drugs
dose of agent can be very small

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11
Q

Which drugs are phototoxic?

A

sulfas
tetracycline
NSAIDs
retinoids

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12
Q

What is an example of a photo-aggravated disorder?

A

rosacea

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13
Q

Which disorder is helped by sunlight?

A

psoriasis

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14
Q

True or false: UVB can reflect off of the sand or water

A

false
UVA can do that

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15
Q

What does SPF stand for?

A

sun protection factor

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16
Q

True or false: almost all sunscreens are broad-spectrum

A

true

17
Q

Whats a reasonable strength of sunscreen?

A

30
anything higher is only micro-advancements

18
Q

What does the SPF number tell you?

A

how long UV radiation would take to redden your skin when using the product vs the amount of time without any sunscreen
ex: SPF 30 means it would take 30x longer to burn than
without the sunscreen

19
Q

What is an example of a sunscreen that works physically?

A

zinc oxide

20
Q

Ideally how far in advance should we apply sunscreen before sun exposure? How often should it be re-applied?

A

30 minutes
Q2hrs

21
Q

What is the official age for sunscreen use?

A

> 6 months

22
Q

Which agent reduces the effectiveness of sunscreen?

A

DEET

23
Q

Which agents have been promoted as tanning products?

A

beta carotene
canthaxanthin
dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
-pigmenting agent
-no SPF value
-reapply Q 2 days

24
Q

What happens when you discontinue dihydroxyacetone?

A

color dissipates in 2 weeks

25
Q

What is the most important thing you can do for sunburn? What are some other things you could do?

A

cool compress
others: dry skin lotion, aloe, lidocaine, voltaren, steroid

26
Q

What are the de-pigmenting agents?

A

hydroquinone (Rx 5%, cosmetics 2%)
monobenzone (Rx only, more potent)

27
Q

Describe characteristics of melasma.

A

appearance: brown patches on face, mainly women
cause: hormonal change? pregnancy? birth control pills?
sun exposure? (exact cause=unknown)
treatment: no cure, sunscreen can control it, hydroquinone

28
Q

Describe characteristics of tinea versicolor.

A

appearance: uneven skin colour, scaling, white-to-pink or tan-
to-dark spots, more noticeable when tanned,
mainly teens or young adults
cause: fungus
treatment: anti-fungals

29
Q

Describe characteristics of vitiligo.

A

appearance: loss of pigment in patches, any body part, milky-
white skin
cause: autoimmune (most ppl are in good health)
treatment: often none, avoid tanning, SPF for white patches,
disguising with makeup, DHA, tattoos

30
Q

In terms of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Which is the worst?

A

melanoma
BCC<SCC<melanoma

31
Q

If the minimal erythema dose protected was 40min and the minimal erythema dose unprotected was 10min, what is the SPF?

A

4

32
Q

What is a classic spot that is often forgotten about when applying sunscreen?

A

ears

PHAR153 (20 decks)

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