Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAR153 > Tinea > Flashcards

Tinea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of tinea?

A

capitis (ringworm of the scalp)
corporis (ringworm)
cruris (jock itch)
pedis (athletes foot)
finger/toenail (onychomycosis)
versicolor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some differences between tinea versicolor and vitiligo?

A

tinea versicolor:
-fungal infection causing skin discoloration
-overgrowth of yeast triggered by hot, humid climate
-treated by topical and oral antifungals
vitiligo:
-disease causing loss of skin color
-caused by autoimmune disorder, defective melanocytes,
oxidative stress, toxic chemicals, nerve damage
-treated by steroids or UV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is tinea capitis treatable through OTC products?

A

no (minor role, if any) this is medical care
the scalp is hard to penetrate, there is nothing OTC that can penetrate the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false: tinea capitis is caused by a ringworm

A

false
fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe tinea capitis.

A

affects your scalp and hair shafts
causes small patches of itchy, scaly skin
highly contagious (person to person contact)
most common in children (5-10 year olds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causes of tinea capitis?

A

fungi called dermatophytes
-prefer warmth and moisture so they thrive on sweaty skin
(not super relevant to the scalp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

A

oral antifungals taken for ~6 weeks
-terbafine HCl (Lamisil)
-griseofulvin
doc might also prescribe a medicated shampoo with the oral med
-helps to remove the fungus and prevent spread of infection
-contains ketoconazole or selenium sulfide
-important to note it wont kill the fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the presentation of tinea corporis?

A

superficial fungal infections of the skin
begins as a small round, red spot on face, neck, trunk, or limbs
usually on smooth and hairless areas
gradually expands outward in circular fashion with a raised, scaly, erythematous border and a clear central area
itchiness and burning sensations are common (possibility to be asymptomatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false: tinea corporis tends to affect men more than women

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is tinea corporis spread?

A

skin to skin contact with infected humans or animals (most commonly dogs, cats, guinea pigs, horses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for tinea corporis?

A

topical azoles
-clotrimazole
-miconazole
-ketoconazole (Rx)
topical allylamines
-naftifine (Rx, USA only)
-terbafine (Rx)
ciclopirox (Rx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which dosage form is preferred for tinea corporis?

A

creams and solutions
powders and sprays not preferred due to concern of contact time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the rule of thumb for duration of OTC topical antifungals for tinea corporis?

A

use the product BID until the area clears and then add on a few extra days/a week of treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When treating tinea corporis with an antifungal should you only treat the active area?

A

no
apply a bit beyond the active area to ensure you are hitting all the fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the OTC treatments for tinea corporis?

A

Tinactin (tolnaftate 1%)
-ringworm considered to be off-label
Micatin (miconazole 2%)
-mentions ringworm on the package
Canesten (clotrimazole 1%)
-you can use the vaginal version if the foot version is shorted
-mentions ringworm on the package

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the 4 week OTC treatment of tinea corporis is undesirable in the eyes of a patient, what can you do? Why?

A

prescribe Terbafine 1% cream or spray
-dosage regimen more convenient, OD for 7D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the directions for use of terbafine 1% for tinea corporis?

A

OD for 7 days (two week treatment provides slightly better results than one week)
apply to clean, dry, affected area and surrounding area
children>12yrs and adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false: terbafine 1% is the only thing a pharmacist can prescribe for tinea corporis

A

false
there is also ketoconazole 2% cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does MedSask say about topical steroid and antifungal combination for tinea corporis?

A

not recommended
the itch caused by tinea infections subsides fairly soon after topical antifungal treatment beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the popular name of tinea pedis?

A

athletes foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is athletes foot spread?

A

person to person through contaminated towels, clothing or surfaces
popular in humid places like showers, pools, and change rooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the most common spot for athletes foot?

A

most commonly in between the toes
may spread to the instep or sole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the presentation of athletes foot?

A

cracked skin or scaly with blisters
inflammation
itching/burning sensation

24
Q

What are risk factors for developing athletes foot?

A

direct contact with infected people or animals
conditions of increased moisture
genetics
impaired immunity (HIV, diabetes, chemo)
barefoot in public areas

25
Q

True or false: you do not need to see a patients foot to proceed with an OTC consult

A

true

26
Q

What do we call athletes foot when it migrates to the sole of the foot?

A

moccasin type infection

27
Q

What should we do if we come across a case of moccasin type athletes foot?

A

refer to MD

28
Q

Which condition is indistinguishable from athletes foot?

A

candidiasis
-yeast infection
-far less common
-same treatment

29
Q

If we hear “yeast infection”, what are we thinking?

A

vaginitis
thrush
intertrigo

30
Q

What is erythrasma?

A

chronic skin condition affecting the skin folds
caused by bacterial infection

31
Q

When do we refer athletes foot to a doc?

A

lesions are:
-extensive (top and bottom of feet are affected)
-severe inflammation
-weeping or purulent
-painful
-disabling
no improvement after 1wk of pharmacological treatment
patient is diabetic
fungal nail infection is present

32
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for athletes foot?

A

skin should be kept dry to help stop infection from spreading
wear cotton socks
avoid going barefoot in public
avoid scratching feet
non-medicated powders may help absorb moisture

33
Q

Which dosage form is preferred for athletes foot?

A

creams or solutions
-again, worrying about the contact time of powders

34
Q

What are the OTC treatments for athletes foot?

A

tolnaftate 1% (Tinactin)
clotrimazole 2% (Canesten)
miconazole 2% (Micatin)

35
Q

What are the directions for use of products for athletes foot?

A

apply to clean and dry affected area
apply beyond affected area
use BID until clear and then a few days/1wk

36
Q

What can we prescribe for athletes foot?

A

terbafine 1% cream (children>12 and adults)
-OD for 7D
terbafine 1% spray
-OD for 7D
ketoconazole 2% cream (children>12 and adults)
-BID for 4-6wks

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of tinea cruris?

A

large round, red, well-defined patches on the upper inner thigh and groin area
genitals spared
burning and itching are common
often co-morbid with tinea pedis and tinea unguium

38
Q

What is the common name of tinea cruris?

A

jock itch

39
Q

Which conditions can resemble tinea cruris?

A

candida intertrigo
-yeast infection which covers penis and scrotum and groin
area with red papular lesions
seborrheic dermatitis
-yellow, greasy, scales on scalp and may extend to rest of
body
psoriasis
-red spots with thick silver scales

40
Q

Describe erythrasma.

A

chronic superficial infection of the intertriginous areas of the skin
more frequently in tropical areas
other than colour, can be symptom-free or just a bit of itch

41
Q

What is the treatment for erythrasma?

A

topical erythromycin or clindamycin, or fusidic acid or miconazole cream

42
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for tinea cruris?

A

keep skin dry to help stop infection from spreading
wear loose fitting, cotton clothing
non-medicated powders to help absorb moisture

43
Q

True or false: when using non-medicated powders to help absorb moisture, cornstarch is a good option

A

false
cornstarch could be a substrate for fungus

44
Q

What are the OTC treatments for tinea cruris? Which one product is an off label use?

A

tinactin (off label)
canesten
micatin

45
Q

What can we prescribe for tinea cruris?

A

terbinafine 1% cream/spray
-OD x 7D
ketoconazole 2% cream
-OD for 2-4wks

46
Q

True or false: we cannot prescribe ciclopirox for tinea cruris

A

true

47
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

fungal toenail infection

48
Q

What are the symptoms of onychomycosis?

A

initially, complains about appearance with no physical symptoms
as it progresses it can interfere with walking, standing, etc
pain, discomfort, loss of self-esteem

49
Q

What percentage of abnormal appearing nails are due to onychomycosis?

A

50-60%

50
Q

How fast do toenails grow?

A

1.62mm per month
if you lose a toenail, it can take up to a year and half for it to grow back

51
Q

What should patients expect with treatment duration of onychomycosis?

A

topical: up to 12 months
oral: 2-3 months

52
Q

What are the treatments for onychomycosis?

A

efinaconazole 10% solution (Jublia)
-Rx
propylene glycol/urea/lactic acid topical solution
-OTC

53
Q

True or false: topical ciclopirox has limited efficacy for onychomycosis

A

true

54
Q

Why is topical ciclopirox not a great treatment for onychomycosis?

A

limited efficacy
requires weekly nail trimming and removal of lacquer build up
requires monthly debridement by podiatrist/MD
pharm cannot prescribe

55
Q

Differentiate between DLSO, SWO, and PSO.

A

DLSO: distal lateral subungual onychomycosis
-under the tip and side of the nail
-most common type (90%)
SWO: superficial white onychomycosis
-7% of cases
-more common in children
PSO: proximal subungual onychomycosis
-6% of cases
-white discoloration at proximal nail fold beneath nail bed

56
Q

What is the number of nails involved where we must refer someone to the doctor for onychomycosis?

A

3

PHAR153 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions