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Pharmaceutics > Vaginal Route > Flashcards

Vaginal Route Flashcards

1
Q

Are vaginal routes less common than rectal routes?

A

YES

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2
Q

What effect can they have?

A

Local BUT systemic is possible

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3
Q

Are formulation designs similar to rectal?

A

YES

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4
Q

What is the drug absorption for systemic?

A

Passive diffusion into bloodstream

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5
Q

What physiological factors influence absorption?

A 
Vol
Viscosity
pH
Stage of menstrual cycle
Age 
Sexual activity
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6
Q

What drug related factors influence absorption?

A 
Drug solubility
Ionisation behaviour
Molecular weight
Release characteristics 
Dosage form
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7
Q

What are the advantages?

A 
Smaller doses
Systemic possible
Suitable when oral restricted
Avoids GI tract + 1st-pass metabolism 
Self administration + removal 
Overcomes inconvenience + pain caused by parenterals route
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8
Q

Why can smaller doses be used?

A

Local action

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9
Q

Why is systemic absorption possible?

A

Large SA + highly vascularised

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10
Q

What are disadvantages?

A

Gender specific
Systemic treatment not popular
Menstruation cycle + hormones affect systemic
Vaginal fluid vol variations affect local
Acidic pH of vagina affect degradation of drug
Require use of special applicator

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11
Q

Describe ideal vaginal dosage forms

A 
Long-acting
Easy to apply
No local irritation
Colourless, odourless + don't leak 
Not affect sexual activity 
Don't stain pants
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12
Q

What are the semi-solid formulations?

A

Creams, ointments + gels

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13
Q

Why is pH of semi-solid formulations modified?

A

To match vaginal pH

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14
Q

What do semi-solid formulations require?

A

Collapsible tubes, with suitable applicator

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15
Q

What is an issue with semi-solid formulations?

A

Delivery of accurate dose is hard

Applicators cost to produce

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16
Q

What is the size of semi-solid formulations?

A

Single dose containers in 3-5ml dose per application

17
Q

Describe vaginal tablets

A

Solid, single dose preparations similar to oral tablets

18
Q

What is the shape of vaginal tablets?

A

Ovoid

19
Q

What are advantages of vaginal tablets?

A

Ease of storage + use
Low cost
Well-controlled large-scale production
Rapidly disintegrate in small vol of vaginal fluid

20
Q

What may be added to vaginal tablets?

A

Disintegrants

Lactose as filler

21
Q

Why is lactose as a filler added to vaginal tablets?

A

Natural substrate for vaginal microflora that converts lactose to lactic acid

22
Q

Describe vaginal suppositories

A

Similar to rectal
Solid, single dose
API dissolved/dispersed in base
1g

23
Q

What base is used for vaginal suppositories?

A

Glycerol-gelatin base

24
Q

What must glycerol-gelatin base be dispersed in for vaginal suppositories?

A

H2O

25
Q

What do vaginal suppositories require?

A

Applicator + suitable training for insertion

26
Q

Describe vaginal rings

A

Solid formulation that provide controlled release of drug over time
Flexible, circular system containing drug in polymer network

27
Q

What is an example of a vaginal ring?

A

NuvaRing

28
Q

What is a vaginal ring used for?

A

Contraception

29
Q

Describe process of a vaginal ring

A

Insert
Leave in for 3 weeks
Replace after 7 day break

30
Q

What are the drug-release mechanisms?

A

Melting

Disintegration

31
Q

Describe what happens in melting

A

Melt at body temp

= release drug + molten mass disperses into available space

32
Q

Describe what happens in disintegration

SOLID dosage form

A

Release drugs by dissolution or disintegration, followed by dispersion contents in vaginal fluid

33
Q

Describe what happens in disintegration

SEMI-SOLID dosage form

A

Release drugs by diffusion + dispersion of contents from formulation to vaginal fluids

34
Q

How are vaginal + rectal suppositories manufactured?

A 
Use moulding method
Base heated to above melting temp
Drug dispersed in heated liquid
Molten product poured into mould
Cooled
OR directly injected into final packaging (mould strips)

Pharmaceutics (21 decks)

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