Vaccines - Reed Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the first vaccine?

A

Smallpox vaccine

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2
Q

Poliovirus vaccine created by formalin inactivated virus.

A

Salk inactivated poliovirus vaccine

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3
Q

Attenuation

A

Passage through culture or animals results in mutations that weaken a virus

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4
Q

Chicken challenged with cholera experiment

A

Chamberlain and Pasteur

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5
Q

First human virus to be isolated

A

Yellow Fever, “Asibi” strain

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6
Q

Who made the yellow fever vaccine, what was it called

A

Max Theiler & Hugh Smith, 17D

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7
Q

Oral poliovirus vaccine which generated mucosal immunity

A

Sabin live poliovirus vaccine

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8
Q

Disadvantage to Sabin live PV

A

Very rare chance of vaccine-derived infection

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9
Q

Multivalent antigen outcomes

A

Increased BCR clustering, increased antigen presentation, long term immunity

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10
Q

Example of a vaccine that uses a multivalent antigen

A

Measles

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11
Q

Monovalent antigen outcomes

A

Little or no BCR clustering, intermediate Ag presentation

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12
Q

Example of monovalent vaccine

A

Tetanus toxoid

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13
Q

Multivalent non-protein Ag outcomes

A

Increased BCR clustering, no Ag presentation, No Tfh cell help,

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14
Q

Example of a multivalent non-protein Ag vaccine

A

Pneumococcus

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15
Q

Antibody to polysaccharide antigen is typically

A

Poorly immunogenic

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16
Q

Example of a vaccine-enhanced disease

A

Dengue Fever

17
Q

Adjuvant

A

Substance used in vaccine to stimulate a stronger immune response.

18
Q

Correlate of protection

A

Measurement of some metric (ie serum Ig levels) that correlates with immunity from vaccination.

19
Q

Empirical Vaccine Design

A

Based on observation or experience – Resulted in most licensed LAVs

20
Q

Rational Vaccine Design

A

Vaccines are composed of antigens that have predictable immune responses and knowledge of the mechanism of protection and immunogenicity is key.