Vaccines - Reed

Question 1

What was the first vaccine?

Answer 1

Smallpox vaccine

Question 2

Poliovirus vaccine created by formalin inactivated virus.

Answer 2

Salk inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Question 3

Attenuation

Answer 3

Passage through culture or animals results in mutations that weaken a virus

Question 4

Chicken challenged with cholera experiment

Answer 4

Chamberlain and Pasteur

Question 5

First human virus to be isolated

Answer 5

Yellow Fever, “Asibi” strain

Question 6

Who made the yellow fever vaccine, what was it called

Answer 6

Max Theiler & Hugh Smith, 17D

Question 7

Oral poliovirus vaccine which generated mucosal immunity

Answer 7

Sabin live poliovirus vaccine

Question 8

Disadvantage to Sabin live PV

Answer 8

Very rare chance of vaccine-derived infection

Question 9

Multivalent antigen outcomes

Answer 9

Increased BCR clustering, increased antigen presentation, long term immunity

Question 10

Example of a vaccine that uses a multivalent antigen

Answer 10

Measles

Question 11

Monovalent antigen outcomes

Answer 11

Little or no BCR clustering, intermediate Ag presentation

Question 12

Example of monovalent vaccine

Answer 12

Tetanus toxoid

Question 13

Multivalent non-protein Ag outcomes

Answer 13

Increased BCR clustering, no Ag presentation, No Tfh cell help,

Question 14

Example of a multivalent non-protein Ag vaccine

Answer 14

Pneumococcus

Question 15

Antibody to polysaccharide antigen is typically

Answer 15

Poorly immunogenic

Question 16

Example of a vaccine-enhanced disease

Answer 16

Dengue Fever

Question 17

Adjuvant

Answer 17

Substance used in vaccine to stimulate a stronger immune response.

Question 18

Correlate of protection

Answer 18

Measurement of some metric (ie serum Ig levels) that correlates with immunity from vaccination.

Question 19

Empirical Vaccine Design

Answer 19

Based on observation or experience – Resulted in most licensed LAVs

Question 20

Rational Vaccine Design

Answer 20

Vaccines are composed of antigens that have predictable immune responses and knowledge of the mechanism of protection and immunogenicity is key.