Mucosal Immunity - Tim Hand

Question 1

Colonization resistance

Answer 1

Established, healthy microbiota resists invasion by pathogenic/opportunistic microbes.

Question 2

Antibiotics leads to ____ in colonization resistance

Answer 2

Reduction

Question 3

Bacterial and food antigens are strictly limited to ____. They do not circulate through blood

Answer 3

GALT (Gut-associated lymphoid tissues).

Question 4

Draining lymphoid organs in the GALT

Answer 4

Peyer’s patch and mesenteric lymph nodes

Question 5

Mucus

Answer 5

Interlocking, geometric matrix of mucin glycoproteins that form a physical barrier on the surface of mucosa.

Question 6

Which cells primarily secrete antimicrobial peptides in the intestines?

Answer 6

Paneth cells

Question 7

Which cells produce mucus

Answer 7

Goblet cells

Question 8

Most common cell found in the small intestine

Answer 8

Eosinophils

Question 9

Functions of macrophages in the intestine

Answer 9

Clearing bacteria and dead cells. Suppressing Th17 cells and promoting Treg function (IL-10).

Question 10

What general mechanism drives Treg development in the gut?

Answer 10

Uptake of vitamin A leads to production of retinoic acid which is a stimulator of Treg development.

Question 11

Which myeloid cells drive the induction of Tregs?

Answer 11

CD103 Lamina propria DCs

Question 12

Major Ig made in the GI tract

Answer 12

IgA in the payer’s patch

Question 13

What is the major cytokine driving B-cell class switching to IgA

Answer 13

TGF-B

Question 14

How does the immune system “measure” the behavior of pathogenic microbes?

Answer 14

Expression of TLRs where pathogenic bacteria would invade.

Question 15

How does the immune system “measure” the health of the microbiota?

Answer 15

Amount of short-chain fatty acids