Vaccines

Question 1

What are 3 advantages of active immunity?

Answer 1

1) Induce immunological memory
2) Produce high affinity antibodies
3) Produce persistent protective response against pathogens

Question 2

What are 2 advantages of passive immunity?

Answer 2

1) Immediate effect

2) Useful treatment for acute dangers

Question 3

What are 3 disadvantages of passive immunity?

Answer 3

1) Short term
2) No immunological memory produced
3) Reaction possible

Question 4

What happens in first immune response to initial exposure?

Answer 4

1) Innate immune response
2) IgM predominates
3) Low affinity

Question 5

What happens in second immune response?

Answer 5

1) Rapid and larger than first
2) IgG high affinity
3) Adaptive immunity, T cell help

Question 6

What are 3 advantages of live vaccines?

Answer 6

1) Very effective, prolonged and comprehensive
2) immunological memory produced
3) Normally only 1 vaccine needed

Question 7

What are 2 disadvantages of live vaccines?

Answer 7

1) immunocompromised patients can become ill

2) Vaccines often need to be refrigerated

Question 8

What are 2 advantages of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 8

1) No risk of infection

2) Storage is less critical

Question 9

What are 3 disadvantages of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 9

1. Inactivated vaccines tend to only activate the humoral response; there is a lack of T cell involvement.
2. Response often weak.
3. Boosters needed, so patient compliance may be poor.

Question 10

What is the role and an example of an adjuvant?

Answer 10

Role: Substance added to a vaccination to stimulate/enhance an immune response
(Toxoids, proteins, chemicals (aluminium salts) etc.)

Question 11

What are the 5 features of an ideal vaccine?

Answer 11

1. Safe.
2. Induces a suitable immune response.
3. Shouldn’t require repeated boosters.
4. Generates immunological memory.
5. Stable and easy to transport.