Vaccine program for dogs

Question 1

Core vaccines mean

Answer 1

Recommended for all dogs
Provide strong protection against common infectious diseases

Question 2

optional vaccines are

Answer 2

Recommended for some dogs based on lifestyle and risk of exposure
Risk of disease is low, or vaccine is not very effective
Typically given prior to a high-risk event

Question 3

What type of vaccines for dogs and why

Answer 3

All core vaccines except rabies are infectious MLV or recombinant viral vaccines
Vaccine virus must infect host cells
More effective than killed vaccines
Produce same types of immunity as a natural infection
Risk of virulence
Early vaccines (<1960) could be virulent
Increased risk of adverse reactions if administered improperly

Question 4

Stability of infectious vaccines

Answer 4

Infectious vaccines are less stable than killed
Should:
Ensure that vaccines are stored appropriately
Only remove from the refrigerator immediately before use
Use within 1 hour of reconstitution
Ensure administration site is clean
Reduce risk of introducing bacteria (and abscess formation)

Question 5

What to do to keep vaccines stable

Answer 5

Should:
Ensure that vaccines are stored appropriately
Only remove from the refrigerator immediately before use
Use within 1 hour of reconstitution
Ensure administration site is clean
Reduce risk of introducing bacteria (and abscess formation)

Question 6

What to do with puppy vaccines and why

Answer 6

Colostral immunity interferes with vaccine
A minimum of 3 doses (SC) in pups to ensure that at least 1 dose is effective
Usually start at 6-8 weeks of age, then every 3-4 weeks until the puppy is at least 16 weeks old

Question 7

Onset of immunity for dog vaccines

Answer 7

Typically begins at 7 days
Non-responders
1 or 2 per 10,000 dogs

Question 8

When do you do boostered vaccines in dogs

Answer 8

Recommended to vaccinate at 1 year of age
Then revaccinate every 1-3 years
Viral, infectious, vaccines often last for life
Single dose of an infectious vaccine is effective regardless of time from a previous vaccination if initial series was complete

Question 9

Rabies vaccine is what type of vaccine

Answer 9

Killed vaccine
Vaccination protocol depends on legislation

Question 10

Why would you not give rabies before 12 weeks

Answer 10

Never before 3 months of age (usually at 4 months)
No risk of colostral Ig interfering with vaccine
Allow 1 month for immunity to develop after first vaccination
Certificate only valid after 4 weeks

Question 11

When do you give rabies vaccines to dogs

Answer 11

First dose at >12 weeks, then 1 year, then 1-3 years depending on vaccine
Rabies vaccines with a 3 in their name are 3-year vaccines (preferred)
Immediate immunity if appropriately timed booster dose (certificate immediately valid)

Question 12

Relative efficiency of MLV canine parainfluenza

Answer 12

Prevents signs but not infection or shedding

Question 13

Canine Parainfluenza, CPiV (MLV) combined with Bordetella. Intranasal estimated minimum DOI

Answer 13

Can be administered as early as 4 weeks of age
Onset of immunity as early as 48 hours following administration.
Protects for 12 to 14 months

Question 14

Canine Parainfluenza, CPiV (MLV) combined with Bordetella. Intranasal relative efficacy

Answer 14

Prevents signs, infection and shedding

Question 15

Canine distemper vaccine lasts how long

Answer 15

> 5 years

Question 16

Canine adenovirus 2 vaccine last how lon

Answer 16

> 7 years

Question 17

Canine parvo vaccine last how long

Answer 17

> 5 years

Question 18

Rabies vaccine lasts how long

Answer 18

1-3 years according to product and legislation

Question 19

How effective if DA2PP vaccine

Answer 19

> 90%

Question 20

Bordetella bronchiseptica, live avirulent IN combo with CPiV (and CAV-2) is given why and when

Answer 20

No interference from cholesterol immunity
Can be given as early as 3-4 weeks of age
May produce mild signs
Best and earliest protection
Antibodies appear in nose at 4 d.+
Also stimulates systemic immunity (all Ig classes)
Only need 1 dose for initial vaccination
Regardless of age of first dose
Typically given at least 1 week and ideally no more than 6 months prior to boarding but protection lasts a year in most dogs

Question 21

Bordetella bronchiseptica, live avirulent - ORAL does what

Answer 21

No interference from colostral immunity
Not as protective as IN vaccine

Question 22

Killed bordatella vaccines do what

Answer 22

<1 year of immunity
Easiest to reliably administer?
Need 2 doses 2-4 weeks apart if initial vaccination
Duration of immunity is not available
Ok if used as a booster following initial vaccination with IN vaccine – why?
Boosters the already there systemic response

Question 23

Canine influnza should be done for what dogs and how effective

Answer 23

Dogs that are travelling
Partial protection

Question 24

Borelia burgdorferi (Killed) last how long and how effective

Answer 24

1 year (Lyme Disease)
Use in high-risk areas
<75%

Question 25

Leptospira (4-way, not 2 way, killed or subunit) effective how long and how effective

Answer 25

1 Year
Use depends on location and dog factors
<75%

Question 26

When do you give dogs killed vaccines

Answer 26

Vaccines are less effective and have shorter durations of immunity than core MLV vaccines
Best vaccinated prior to high risk season/event
Given SC or IM (never orally or IN)
Never before 6 weeks of age

Question 27

Why do you give killed vaccines to puppies over 12 weeks

Answer 27

No interference due to passive immunity
Immune system more mature

Question 28

initial immunity of killed vaccines in dogs

Answer 28

Two doses, if do not come back within 6 weeks of first dose, need another 2
Finish series 2 to 4 weeks before likely exposure to disease

Question 29

When are non core boosters needed

Answer 29

Often require an annual booster
If miss may require 2 vaccinations
Leptospirosis, lyme disease
2 vaccinations if > 24 months
Canine Influenza
2 vaccinations if over 36 months

Question 30

Why are MLV vaccines better for dogs

Answer 30

MLV are more effective
Require greater care
Route and age of administration
Rare risk of disease
Skin preparation
Less risk of hypersensitivity

Question 31

If vaccinating dogs over 14 weeks how many do they need

Answer 31

Only need 1 or 2 vaccines (MLV versus killed, experimental versus manufacturers recommendation)

Question 32

When to booster and why to booster

Answer 32

After boosting (1 to 3 years)
May be very long lasting immunity against viral pathogens
Booster vaccines assumed to be immediately effective