Vaccine program for dogs Flashcards
Core vaccines mean
Recommended for all dogs
Provide strong protection against common infectious diseases
optional vaccines are
Recommended for some dogs based on lifestyle and risk of exposure
Risk of disease is low, or vaccine is not very effective
Typically given prior to a high-risk event
What type of vaccines for dogs and why
All core vaccines except rabies are infectious MLV or recombinant viral vaccines
Vaccine virus must infect host cells
More effective than killed vaccines
Produce same types of immunity as a natural infection
Risk of virulence
Early vaccines (<1960) could be virulent
Increased risk of adverse reactions if administered improperly
Stability of infectious vaccines
Infectious vaccines are less stable than killed
Should:
Ensure that vaccines are stored appropriately
Only remove from the refrigerator immediately before use
Use within 1 hour of reconstitution
Ensure administration site is clean
Reduce risk of introducing bacteria (and abscess formation)
What to do to keep vaccines stable
Should:
Ensure that vaccines are stored appropriately
Only remove from the refrigerator immediately before use
Use within 1 hour of reconstitution
Ensure administration site is clean
Reduce risk of introducing bacteria (and abscess formation)
What to do with puppy vaccines and why
Colostral immunity interferes with vaccine
A minimum of 3 doses (SC) in pups to ensure that at least 1 dose is effective
Usually start at 6-8 weeks of age, then every 3-4 weeks until the puppy is at least 16 weeks old
Onset of immunity for dog vaccines
Typically begins at 7 days
Non-responders
1 or 2 per 10,000 dogs
When do you do boostered vaccines in dogs
Recommended to vaccinate at 1 year of age
Then revaccinate every 1-3 years
Viral, infectious, vaccines often last for life
Single dose of an infectious vaccine is effective regardless of time from a previous vaccination if initial series was complete
Rabies vaccine is what type of vaccine
Killed vaccine
Vaccination protocol depends on legislation
Why would you not give rabies before 12 weeks
Never before 3 months of age (usually at 4 months)
No risk of colostral Ig interfering with vaccine
Allow 1 month for immunity to develop after first vaccination
Certificate only valid after 4 weeks
When do you give rabies vaccines to dogs
First dose at >12 weeks, then 1 year, then 1-3 years depending on vaccine
Rabies vaccines with a 3 in their name are 3-year vaccines (preferred)
Immediate immunity if appropriately timed booster dose (certificate immediately valid)
Relative efficiency of MLV canine parainfluenza
Prevents signs but not infection or shedding
Canine Parainfluenza, CPiV (MLV) combined with Bordetella. Intranasal estimated minimum DOI
Can be administered as early as 4 weeks of age
Onset of immunity as early as 48 hours following administration.
Protects for 12 to 14 months
Canine Parainfluenza, CPiV (MLV) combined with Bordetella. Intranasal relative efficacy
Prevents signs, infection and shedding
Canine distemper vaccine lasts how long
> 5 years
Canine adenovirus 2 vaccine last how lon
> 7 years
Canine parvo vaccine last how long
> 5 years
Rabies vaccine lasts how long
1-3 years according to product and legislation
How effective if DA2PP vaccine
> 90%
Bordetella bronchiseptica, live avirulent IN combo with CPiV (and CAV-2) is given why and when
No interference from cholesterol immunity
Can be given as early as 3-4 weeks of age
May produce mild signs
Best and earliest protection
Antibodies appear in nose at 4 d.+
Also stimulates systemic immunity (all Ig classes)
Only need 1 dose for initial vaccination
Regardless of age of first dose
Typically given at least 1 week and ideally no more than 6 months prior to boarding but protection lasts a year in most dogs
Bordetella bronchiseptica, live avirulent - ORAL does what
No interference from colostral immunity
Not as protective as IN vaccine
Killed bordatella vaccines do what
<1 year of immunity
Easiest to reliably administer?
Need 2 doses 2-4 weeks apart if initial vaccination
Duration of immunity is not available
Ok if used as a booster following initial vaccination with IN vaccine – why?
Boosters the already there systemic response
Canine influnza should be done for what dogs and how effective
Dogs that are travelling
Partial protection
Borelia burgdorferi (Killed) last how long and how effective
1 year (Lyme Disease)
Use in high-risk areas
<75%
Leptospira (4-way, not 2 way, killed or subunit) effective how long and how effective
1 Year
Use depends on location and dog factors
<75%
When do you give dogs killed vaccines
Vaccines are less effective and have shorter durations of immunity than core MLV vaccines
Best vaccinated prior to high risk season/event
Given SC or IM (never orally or IN)
Never before 6 weeks of age
Why do you give killed vaccines to puppies over 12 weeks
No interference due to passive immunity
Immune system more mature
initial immunity of killed vaccines in dogs
Two doses, if do not come back within 6 weeks of first dose, need another 2
Finish series 2 to 4 weeks before likely exposure to disease
When are non core boosters needed
Often require an annual booster
If miss may require 2 vaccinations
Leptospirosis, lyme disease
2 vaccinations if > 24 months
Canine Influenza
2 vaccinations if over 36 months
Why are MLV vaccines better for dogs
MLV are more effective
Require greater care
Route and age of administration
Rare risk of disease
Skin preparation
Less risk of hypersensitivity
If vaccinating dogs over 14 weeks how many do they need
Only need 1 or 2 vaccines (MLV versus killed, experimental versus manufacturers recommendation)
When to booster and why to booster
After boosting (1 to 3 years)
May be very long lasting immunity against viral pathogens
Booster vaccines assumed to be immediately effective
