Adaptive immunity review Flashcards
What are the Characteristics of the Adaptive Immune System?
- Adaptive immunity takes time to develop
- Adaptive immunity improves with time:
- Stronger (more cells and antibody)
- Better antibody
- Memory
- Involves T and B lymphocytes and their products:
plasma cells and antibody
Describe the Developmental Differences Between T and B cells
- Both originate from stem cells in bone marrow
- Immature T lymphocytes migrate to the thymus
- Immature B lymphocytes migrate to the gut or stay in the bone marrow, depending on the species
- When mature, both T and B cells migrate to lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue
Describe How, Where and
Why T Cells are Selected
- Thymus
- Two stage process
- Must interact with MHC (so that can bind to self cells)
- Must not be activated by self antigens (so no autoimmune disease)
- 98% of T cells die in the thymus either because they cannot bind to MHC or because they are activated by normal (self) antigens
What does MHC stand for
Major histocompatibility complex
What Are the Three Major
Functions of MHC Receptors?
MHC I - act as a unique body identifier
* Most nucleated cells in the body carry the same MHC
* Used by NK Lymphocytes to identify cells as self
* To present internal cell antigens for inspection by the immune
system
* MHC acts as a binding site for T lymphocytes
* MHC presents internal antigens at an adjacent site
* If antigens are not self i.e. from a pathogen, T cell is activated
* Tries to kill the presenting cell
MHC II - are mainly found on immune cells
* Present antigen to other immune cells
* Dendritic cells present antigen on type2 MHC to lymphocytes in lymph nodes
MHC III are pattern recognition receptors, signalling molecules
and complement components
What are the Major Classes of Antibody, How Many Binding Sites Does Each Class Have?
- IgA: 4
- IgM: 10
- IgG: 2
- IgE: 2
Which Ig class is first produced in humoral immunity
IgM
Which Ig Class is Present in Largest Amounts in the Circulation?
igG
Which Ig class is produced in the greatest amount in a day
IgA
Which Ig class binds to mast cells
IgE
Which cells produce Ig
Ig is produced by B cells and plasma cells
What are the mechanisms by which Ig can neutralize pathogens
Agglutination
Neutralization
Opsonization for phagocytosis
Complement activation and opsonization or MAC
Antibody depended cell cytotoxicity
