Vaccine program for cattle Flashcards
What vaccines are breeding cows and replacement heifers given
Clostridial
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV)
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
Bovine Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
What type of clostridial vaccines re given to breeding bovine
Killed
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV) types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion
MLV
-Injectable = risk of abortion
-Intranasal = no risk of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion
MLV
-Injectable = risk of abortion
-Intranasal = no risk of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion
Bovine syncytial virus types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion
MLV
-Injectable= NO RISK of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion
general bovine vaccine shedule
Usually first vaccinate calf in fall, following weaning
>6 months
Clostridial and BRSV vaccine is killed, requires booster 4-6 weeks later
IBR/BHV, BVD
MLV one dose is sufficient
Next dose prior to breeding i.e. about 12 months of age
All cattle, in spring, when OPEN, every year
BVDV is given when with what type of vaccine
MLV
Previously vaccinated
>1 month before breeding
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series
2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart
Last vaccine > 1 month before breeding
Want to administer closest to breeding to have max antibodies in colostrum without risking abortion
IBR/BHV (MLV) is given when
Previously vaccinated
>1 month before breeding
OR
At fall pregnancy check
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series
2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart
Last vaccine >1 month before breeding
BRSV (Killed) is given when
Previously vaccinated
Prebreeding
OR
Pregnancy check
OR
Precalving
Not vaccinated/unknown
As per manufacturer’s label direction
Clostridial vaccines are what type and given when
Previously vaccinated, booster at
Prebreeding
OR
Preg check
OR
Precalving
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series of 2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart
Optional vaccines for breeding cattle
Leptospirosis
Vibriosis (Campylobacter)
Anthrax
Calf scours
Leptospirosis is caused by what in cattle and how long does the vaccine last
Sometimes a problem in wet areas (areas of standing water)
Protection is short lived, may vaccinate twice a year, Spring and Fall
Major disease problem: abortion
Vibriosis (Campylobacter) caused by what in cattle and signs
Venereal infection
Signs are poor conception rates, long calving interval, abortions
More likely to be given to cows going to community pasture
Do not use combination lepto-vibrio vaccines
Reduced immunity
Why do we not use combination lepto-vibrio vaccines
Reduced immunity
Anthrax in cattle is caused by and what to do with vaccinations
Problem when high rainfall follows a drought or new excavation of land
Results in sudden death
Modified live bacterial vaccine
Avoid giving antibiotics
Requires two doses for primary series
Accidental vaccination of people is not a health risk
What vaccines are used for calf scours
Recommended a 4 way vaccine
C. perfringens, E. coli (K99 or F44), rotavirus and coronavirus
Doubtful that the rota and corona components provide much protection
Given to pregnant cattle
When to vaccinate for calf scours
Two doses for initial series
Start 2-3 months prior to calving
Last dose at least 4 weeks from calving
Combine with management recommendations for maximum benefit: adequate space, well drained, separate cow and heifers
What is the problem in vaccinating young calves?
Interference from cholesterol antibody
What are some calf vaccines
Some herds suffer from pneumonia problems in younger calves
IBR (Bovine Herpes Virus 1, BHV-1) and PI3 (parainfluenza) are part of the problem
Can vaccinate young calves using IN vaccine
Other vaccines are typically given in the fall and depend on whether the calf is entering the breeding herd or a feedlot
Feedlot/background calves are vaccinated where
Ideally vaccinate on home farm
This is prior to exposure to major pathogens
Programs vary between vets and clients
Feedlot/background calves are vaccinated for what
Typically include:
BVD, IBR, P13 and clostridia
Often include Mannheimia, BRSV, H. somni
MLV vaccines require one dose
Killed vaccines require two doses
Pinkeye vaccines for cattle
Bacterial infection
-Morexella bovis
Risk based
-Vaccine not always effective
Treatment
-Antibiotics
Prevention
-Fly control
-Reduced crowding
Foot rot vaccines for cattle is used for what cattle
Bacterial infection
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Risk based
Mixed reported results
No controlled studies
Better results to prevent liver abscesses in feedlot calves
Vaccination programs for dairy cattle
Given same vaccines as beef cows
Timing is not at a fixed time of year
Instead at a fixed stage of reproduction cycle
For example, MLV IBR is only given when cow is open
