Vaccine program for cattle

Question 1

What vaccines are breeding cows and replacement heifers given

Answer 1

Clostridial
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV)
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
Bovine Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

Question 2

What type of clostridial vaccines re given to breeding bovine

Answer 2

Killed

Question 3

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV) types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion

Answer 3

MLV
-Injectable = risk of abortion
-Intranasal = no risk of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion

Question 4

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion

Answer 4

MLV
-Injectable = risk of abortion
-Intranasal = no risk of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion

Question 5

Bovine syncytial virus types of vaccines, routes, and risk of abortion

Answer 5

MLV
-Injectable= NO RISK of abortion
Killed
-No risk of abortion

Question 6

general bovine vaccine shedule

Answer 6

Usually first vaccinate calf in fall, following weaning
>6 months
Clostridial and BRSV vaccine is killed, requires booster 4-6 weeks later
IBR/BHV, BVD
MLV one dose is sufficient
Next dose prior to breeding i.e. about 12 months of age
All cattle, in spring, when OPEN, every year

Question 7

BVDV is given when with what type of vaccine

Answer 7

MLV
Previously vaccinated
>1 month before breeding
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series
2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart
Last vaccine > 1 month before breeding
Want to administer closest to breeding to have max antibodies in colostrum without risking abortion

Question 8

IBR/BHV (MLV) is given when

Answer 8

Previously vaccinated
>1 month before breeding
OR
At fall pregnancy check
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series
2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart
Last vaccine >1 month before breeding

Question 9

BRSV (Killed) is given when

Answer 9

Previously vaccinated
Prebreeding
OR
Pregnancy check
OR
Precalving
Not vaccinated/unknown
As per manufacturer’s label direction

Question 10

Clostridial vaccines are what type and given when

Answer 10

Previously vaccinated, booster at
Prebreeding
OR
Preg check
OR
Precalving
Not vaccinated/unknown
Booster series of 2 vaccines, 3 weeks apart

Question 11

Optional vaccines for breeding cattle

Answer 11

Leptospirosis
Vibriosis (Campylobacter)
Anthrax
Calf scours

Question 12

Leptospirosis is caused by what in cattle and how long does the vaccine last

Answer 12

Sometimes a problem in wet areas (areas of standing water)
Protection is short lived, may vaccinate twice a year, Spring and Fall
Major disease problem: abortion

Question 13

Vibriosis (Campylobacter) caused by what in cattle and signs

Answer 13

Venereal infection
Signs are poor conception rates, long calving interval, abortions
More likely to be given to cows going to community pasture
Do not use combination lepto-vibrio vaccines
Reduced immunity

Question 14

Why do we not use combination lepto-vibrio vaccines

Answer 14

Reduced immunity

Question 15

Anthrax in cattle is caused by and what to do with vaccinations

Answer 15

Problem when high rainfall follows a drought or new excavation of land
Results in sudden death
Modified live bacterial vaccine
Avoid giving antibiotics
Requires two doses for primary series
Accidental vaccination of people is not a health risk

Question 16

What vaccines are used for calf scours

Answer 16

Recommended a 4 way vaccine
C. perfringens, E. coli (K99 or F44), rotavirus and coronavirus
Doubtful that the rota and corona components provide much protection
Given to pregnant cattle

Question 17

When to vaccinate for calf scours

Answer 17

Two doses for initial series
Start 2-3 months prior to calving
Last dose at least 4 weeks from calving
Combine with management recommendations for maximum benefit: adequate space, well drained, separate cow and heifers

Question 18

What is the problem in vaccinating young calves?

Answer 18

Interference from cholesterol antibody

Question 19

What are some calf vaccines

Answer 19

Some herds suffer from pneumonia problems in younger calves
IBR (Bovine Herpes Virus 1, BHV-1) and PI3 (parainfluenza) are part of the problem
Can vaccinate young calves using IN vaccine
Other vaccines are typically given in the fall and depend on whether the calf is entering the breeding herd or a feedlot

Question 20

Feedlot/background calves are vaccinated where

Answer 20

Ideally vaccinate on home farm
This is prior to exposure to major pathogens
Programs vary between vets and clients

Question 21

Feedlot/background calves are vaccinated for what

Answer 21

Typically include:
BVD, IBR, P13 and clostridia
Often include Mannheimia, BRSV, H. somni
MLV vaccines require one dose
Killed vaccines require two doses

Question 22

Pinkeye vaccines for cattle

Answer 22

Bacterial infection
-Morexella bovis
Risk based
-Vaccine not always effective
Treatment
-Antibiotics
Prevention
-Fly control
-Reduced crowding

Question 23

Foot rot vaccines for cattle is used for what cattle

Answer 23

Bacterial infection
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Risk based
Mixed reported results
No controlled studies
Better results to prevent liver abscesses in feedlot calves

Question 24

Vaccination programs for dairy cattle

Answer 24

Given same vaccines as beef cows
Timing is not at a fixed time of year
Instead at a fixed stage of reproduction cycle
For example, MLV IBR is only given when cow is open