Vaccinations Flashcards
What are advantages of antibody transfers
Quick acting
Support a deficient immune system
Beneficial to high-risk individuals
What are disadvantages of antibody transfers
Protection fades
Must be given via intravenous injections
Expensive + complicated to make
What are advantages of monoclonal antibodes
Single specificity
Near ulimited supply of antibodies
Antibodies w rare specifications can be isolated
Antibodies can be manipulated
How do you humanise a mouse monoclonal antibody
Isolate the complementary determining region (CDR) of the maurine monoclonal antibody
What is the role of CD4 T cells
Coordinates CD8+ and Ab responses
What is the role of CD8 T cells
Response against conserved internal proteins
What is a toxoid vaccine
Toxin derived from the pathogen
What is a subunit vaccine composed of
Entire virus or bacteria not used but components of the pathogen
What are advantages of sub-unit vaccines
No extraneous pathogenic particles e.g DNA
What are disadvantages of sub-unit vaccines
Protein may differ when not in situ
Production can be expensive
What is the name of the vaccine for meningitis
Polysaccharide protein conjugate/purified polysacc
What is the name of the vaccine for pneumonia
Purified polysaccharide polysac-protein congugate
What is the name of the vaccine for tuberculosis
Live attenuated BCG
What are the 7 vaccine delivery routes
Intranasal
Oral
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Aerosolised
Intradermal
Intravenous
Why are vaccine adjuvants important
Essential for enhancing and directing adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens
What is the role of immature dendritic cells in vaccination
Digests antigen from pathogen and displays pieces of it on cell surface
What is the role of mature dendritic cells in vaccination
Interacts with T and B cells to launch a specific, adaptive immune response to pathogens
How can a life-attenuated vaccine cause a spread of the pathogen
Life-attenuated vaccines can lead to revertant mutants that promotes spread of pathogen
What are the advantages of live-attenuated vaccines
Activates all phases of immune system
More durable immunity
Low cost
Quick immunity
What are the disadvantages of live-attenuated vaccines
Secondary mutation can cause a reversion to virulence
Possible Severe complications in immunodeficiency-compromised patients
Difficulty to maintain + transport due to conditions e.g temperature
