innate sensing Flashcards
what is the complement system
proteins that work together as an early warning system and to destroy pathogens
what are the main 3 different roles of the complement system
-recruitment of immune cells
-label microbes for phagocytosis by other cells
-lyses pathogens
what are the 3 ways the complement system can be activated to detect microbes
1)alternative pathway - direct pathogen recognition
2)lectin pathway - via adaptive immunity and antibodies =>3)classical pathway
how is the complement protein C3b produced and its effect
produced spontaneously, C3b binds to amino and hydroxyl groups on microbes
what are PAMP’s
pathogen associated molecular patterns
what are PRRs
pattern recognition receptors
what are PRRs roles
proteins/receptors of innate immunity that recognize PAMPs
what is the benefit of innate immune cells having PRRs on their surface
allows them to detect danger e.g macrophage and neutrophil
what are key features of macrophages
-dont move from site of infection
-talk to T cells at site of infection
-good killer
what are features of dendritic cells (DC)
-migrate from infection site to LN (lymph node)
-talk to T cells in LN and infection site
-doesnt kill
-specialised in talking with T cells
what is the first danger signal
tissue damage
what are DAMPs
damage associated molecular patterns and are associated with 2nd danger signal
what does it mean if receptors are germline encoded
immediately ready to go allowing a fast response
how can a single innate call recognize many different types of pathogens
as a single innate cell can express multiple different PRRs
when do PRRs transmit a signal
when they bind to their ligand (PAMP or DAMP)
