V7

Question 1

Ecological climatology:

Answer 1

Question 2

Ecoclimatological perspective:

Answer 2

Question 3

Land surface models:

Answer 3

Question 4

Which radiative fluxes do we find in plant stands?

Answer 4

Question 5

Where in a plant stand is the radiation balance greatest?

Answer 5

• temperature, evapotranspiration
• regional climate, water balance latent heat flux sensible heat flux plant heat flux
• understanding the radiation balance
• deriving all other parameters

Question 6

Radiation and leaves:

Answer 6

Question 7

„Light extinction“

Answer 7

Question 8

Radiation and thinning:

Answer 8

Question 9

Radiation and canopy:

Answer 9

Question 10

Radiation and leaves:

Answer 10

Question 11

Diurnal course of PAR at 4 measuring points of a sun branch of Picea abie:

Answer 11

Question 12

Radiation and canopy:

Answer 12

Question 13

Strahlung an Waldränder:

Answer 13

• outer fringe: “darkened” with influence from the stand
• inner fringe: “brightened” with influence from the open field
• contrasts greater in full sunshine than in overcast conditions
• exposure of forest edge important

Question 14

Radiation at forest edges:

Answer 14

• important, because of special microclimate
• favorable for natural regeneration and crops (protection against wind, temperature extremes)
• forest edge = transitional climate

Question 15

Radiation in gaps:

Answer 15

Question 16

Variability of shortwave radiation fluxes:

Answer 16

• very high spatial (horizontal and vertical) and temporal variability due to uneven structure of the canopy ⇒ light and shadow spots (sunflecks and shaded areas)
• depending on stand treatment (clear-cutting, different canopy positions (degree of canopy cover), strong - weak thinning (basal area), control as well as cloud cover)
• differences with slope inclination and direction, exposure

Question 17

Objectives:

Answer 17

• Quantitative and qualitative investigation of short-wave ecologically and actinically relevant radiation fluxes in forests
• Development of a radiative transfer model for forest stands
• Input for flux-based ozone risk assessment model
• Input for forest growth model (BALANCE)
• Input for hydrological model (WaSiM)
• Mapping of phenology
• Spectral data for remote sensing ⇒ ground truth

Question 18

Spektrale Strahlungsverteilung im Waldbestand:

Answer 18

• vertical distribution of PAR

Question 19

Sunflecks:

Answer 19

• vertical distribution of sunflecks, penumbra and umbra

Question 20

Spectral radiation distribution in the forest stand:

Answer 20

• probability density functions

Question 21

Spectral radiation distribution in the forest stand:

Answer 21

• relationship between light quality and availability (quantity)
• PAR and R/FR

Question 22

Strahlung und Sonnenhöhe:

Answer 22

• solar elevation and cloudiness

Question 23

Radiation and structure:

Answer 23

• spectral ratios and structure

Question 24

Radiation and structure:

Answer 24

• LAI and R/FR

Question 25

Radiation and leaf size:

Answer 25

Question 26

Modeling radiative transport in forest stands:

Answer 26

Question 27

Phenological stages:

Answer 27

Question 28

Phenological stages:

Answer 28

Question 29

Ozone risk assessment:

Answer 29

Question 30

Growth modeling ⇒ carbon budget:

Answer 30

Question 31

Ozone risk assessment:

Answer 31

Question 32

Radiation and photosynthesis:

Answer 32