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MCAT PSYC > UWorld wrong answers > Flashcards

UWorld wrong answers Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

stage 1= alarm (decreased resistance to stress)
stage 2: increased resistance to stress (hyper-adrenal function)
stage 3: exhaustive stage- decreased resistance (burnout)

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2
Q

cognitive-behavioural therapy vs psychoanalytic therapy vs humanistic therapy

A

cognitive-behavioural therapy- attempts to change behaviour, negative thoughts/beliefs

psychoanalytic therapy- “talk therapy”, attempts to uncover how unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood shape behaviours

humanistic therapy- empower individual and move towards self actualization

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3
Q

when is a significant difference apparent

A

when there are asterisks between 2 bar graphs indicating (p

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4
Q

appraisal theory

A

-someones appraisal (their evaluation of a stimuli) will determine their emotional response

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5
Q

primary appraisal

A

person classify a stimuli as threatening, positive or irreverent

  • if deemed threatening- a secondary appraisal will result in which the person evaluates their ability/resources available to cope with the treating situation
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6
Q

instinctive drift

A
  • learned behaviour is replaced by innate behaviour (trained pig starts dropping coins and rooting)
  • innate behaviour is overshadowing a once learned behaviour
  • this will even happen when reward/reinforcement is present (instincts are powerful)
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7
Q

positive correlation vs negative correlation

A

-positive correlation= both variables move in tandem (same direction)
, if one increases the other increases, if one decreases the other decreases

  • negative correlation= variables move in inverses or opposite directions (one increase, there decreases)
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8
Q

top-down vs bottom up

A

top down is perception driven by our beliefs, ideas and things in our head

  • general to specific, or big picture to details (missing T)
  • a mental association between objects that make sound may cause person to mistaking think they heard a sound

bottom down is incoming sensory data

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9
Q

absolute threshold

A

the intensity value at which an individual can detect a stimuli 50% of the time!

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10
Q

sensory adaptation

A

you notice clothes on your body when you first put them on, but later in day do not notice

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11
Q

false positive

A

no signal but responded yes

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12
Q

fasle negative

A

signal was present but responses no signal

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13
Q

confidence interval

A

a measure of uncertainty in a reported value, by reporting how far the value reported might be from the TRUE value

  • as sample size increases, standard deviation decrease , standard error of the mean decreased and CI becomes narrower
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14
Q

how would you get a narrower CI

A

increase sample size

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15
Q

r values

A

correlation coefficent (always between -1 and +1

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16
Q

r value or correlation coefficients indicates what

A

a measure of th direction and strength of a relationship between 2 variables

0= no linear relationship

when r is closer to +1 means uphill (positive) linear relationship (one goes up, the other goes up )

when closer to -1 means perfect downhill (negative) linear relationship

-1 is not a bad thing –> it is the strongest correlation you can get- the minus sign just indicates that the line is going downhill (as one goes up, one goes down)

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17
Q

internal validity vs external validity

A

IV=the extent to which a measurement produces a true result

EV= also known as generalizability, the extent to which study results could be applied outside of the labratory - how valid would it be if we applied these to a real life situation

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18
Q

generatively vs stagnation

A

part of Erikson stages of psychosocial development

  • Middle Ages (40-65) - concerns for others and society
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19
Q

procedural memory

A

skills and tasks (riding a bicycle )

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20
Q

emotional/reflexive memory

A

memory for associations between stimuli (salty ocean air triggers pleasant memories of the organ coast)

21
Q

subculture vs counterculture

A

SC= values and norms do not oppose the dominant culture, although the group is characterized as disinct

CC= values and norms oppose the dominant culture

22
Q

aggregate

A

is a collection od ppl who share a common location but do not identify as a group

23
Q

utilitarian organizations

A

compensate members for their involvement (money, certification)

24
Q

Symbolic Interactionism theory

A
  • meaning and value attached to symbols

- individual interactions based on these symbols

25
Q

functionalism theory

A

society= an organism and each part of society works to maintain dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) - Emile dirkheim

26
Q

conflict theory

A

society= struggle for limited resources

-inequality based on social class (Karl Marx)

27
Q

social constructionism theory

A

the theory that people develop knowledge of the world in a social context, and that much of what we perceive as reality depends on shared assumptions

  • knowledge about the word is based on interactions
28
Q

rational choice/social exchange theory

A

individual behaviours and interactions attempt to maximize personal gain and minimize person cost

29
Q

who came up with conflict theory

A

karl marx

30
Q

who came up with functionalism theory

A

emile durkheim

31
Q

a sociology theory in which human development is socially situated and knowledge is constructed through interaction with others.

A

social constructivism theory

32
Q

Symbolic Interactionism theory

A

a micro-sociology perspective concerned with the interpersonal (between ppl) interactions through which the subjective meanings that shape social reality are developed

  • subjective meanings that shape social reality are developed when people interact
  • subjective meanings differ in different groups- (eye contact= respect in Japan, rude in USA)
33
Q

individuals create meaning through serving others in faith based mission work

A

Symbolic Interactionism bc mission work (interaction) may become a meaningful expression and symbol of a believers faith

Symbolic Interactionism - meaning and values attached to symbols and interactions based on these symbols

  • so serving other is a symbol and meaningful and interaction with others
34
Q

reality is created through shared meanings and definitions arising from social interactions

A

social constructivism theory

35
Q

people develop subjective meanings for things (objects, behaviours) through social interactions

A

symbolic interactionism theory

36
Q

symbolic interactionism thoery vs social constructivism theory

A

SI= more on self and social roles (small scale) explain individual in society and interactions with others

  • development of person is a social process as is the meanings that ppl assign to things, they assign meaning to things in order too figure out how to act. people change based on interactions with others, objects and ideas.
  • act based on meaning we have given something
  • ppl can have different views/ meanings for the same object (someone thinks trees are great for shade- sits under, someone else thinks they are fun of ants- avoid it) - we act based on the meaning that we give an object
  • meanings can change due to everyday life and interactions

SC= more broadly on making sense of the nature and structure of the social world

  • what makes something real? knowledge are not real but only exists bc we give them reality through social agreement ( money, books, nations don’t exist without human society)
  • concept of self - created by interactions with other
  • we make things real bc of human society and social agreement
37
Q

fundamentalism

A

renewed commitment to traditional religion as a reaction to secularization

38
Q

cultural transmission

A

passing culture to next generation

39
Q

social reproduction

A

transmission of society values, norms and practices including social inequality, from one gen to the next ( child of wealthy parents tend to be wealthy adults)

40
Q

religiosity

A

the extent to which a religious doctrine is internalized and incorporated into someones life (behaviours, beliefs)

41
Q

religious affiliation

A

the religious group you are affiliated with - but doesn’t reflect your behaviours ( you can be christian but not go to church)

42
Q

in sociology power refers to?

A

the ability to control and influence others

43
Q

in sociology authority refers to?

A

whether others believe that the power is legitimate

44
Q

flashbulb memory

A

may not be very accurate

  • it is vivid, detailed explicit memory of a specific emotional day or event
  • studies have shown that even though individuals are very confident hat they are right these moms can sometimes o the that accurate
45
Q

functionalism; manifest vs latent functions

A

manifest= intended obvious purposes of a social structure, latent = unintentional results of social structure

  • structural functions is a macro-level socio perspective that compares modern society to an organism - cooperate to maintain homeostasis
46
Q

what sociological theory does does latent function fall under ?

A

structural functionalism everything has a function/ purpose in society to maintain homeostasis)

47
Q

division of labour

A

refers to the specialization of task in a society that are interdependent
- in agrarian society nearly everyone engaged in the same form of labor, in industrialization society, tasks become more specialized and divided

48
Q

intersectionality

A

age, gender, class, race
- interconnected, multiple social identities

  • be careful with graphs - read both axes
49
Q

reliable

A
  • consistency (similar results each time)

- high replicability

MCAT PSYC (11 decks)

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