cognitive development Flashcards
Piaget’s 1st stage of development
-sensorimotor (0-2) - object permanence - things exist even when they cant see it
Piagets 2nd stage of development
pre-operational - pretend play, egocentric,
piagets 3rd stage of development
concrete operational–> conservation ( show to glasses of water tall and skinny if have not yet reached this stage than the kid will think the tall glass has more - doesnt understand conservaion )
4th stage piaget
formal operational, 12+ age
- abstract, moral learning
piaget
development of schemas - assimilation and accomadation
- cog dev about the dev of schemas ( and this happens through a & a)
assimilation
interpret new experiences in term of our current understanding or current schemas
- think of a toy and assimulation is putting in a piece (of info) into the already existing cookie cutter schema ( block) - kinda like a puzzel
accomadations
how we adjust our schemas to better incorperate or experieces, or create a new schema if it wont fit in
- think of finding a new puzzel peice and trying to fit it into your already existing schema, but it wont fir, so you have to make a new door for it in your schema bloc k, or create a whole new schema block
role of culture in cog dev
lev vygotsky says that the driving force of cog dev is the childs internilization of his or her culture ( rules, symbols, language)
fluid intelligence
problem solving skills (peaks in early adulthood), quick and abstract reasoning
crystallized intelligence
use of learned skills and knowledge ( peaks in middle adulthood), accumulated knowledge
trail and error
random guesses untill something works
algorithms
formula or procedure to find soution ( logical step by step)
heauristic
mental short cut - simplify complex problems - rules of thumbs
- types of heuristics: means -ends or working backwards
deductive reasoning
top-down; start with general rules and draw conclusions fro info given
inductive reasoning
bottom-up; start with specific things and then build up to a conclusion
availability heuristics
using examples that readily come to mind
- sometimes not always the best options
- for example do you think the risk for dieing from a shark attack or a fire work accident is more probable?? since shark accidents come to mind more readily ( bc we see this in the news and movies more- this is an availibility heuristic) but is false
representative heuristc
matching prototypes ( not exact memories) - representative of a feminast - so we think she is
base rate fallacy
using prototypes or stereotypes while ignoring actual numerical information
Ignoring statistical information in favor of using irrelevant information, that one incorrectly believes to be relevant, to make a judgment. This usually stems from the irrational belief that statistics don’t apply to a situation, for one reason or another when, in fact, they do.
confirmation bias
activley seek out only info confirming facts
belief perseverance
ignore disconfirming facts
semantic network
concepts organized in the mind that are connected in networks
IQ
mental age/ chronological age x 100
g factor
general intelligence
3 intelligences
analytical (IQ), creative, practical
