cognitive development

Question 1

Piaget’s 1st stage of development

Answer 1

-sensorimotor (0-2) - object permanence - things exist even when they cant see it

Question 2

Piagets 2nd stage of development

Answer 2

pre-operational - pretend play, egocentric,

Question 3

piagets 3rd stage of development

Answer 3

concrete operational–> conservation ( show to glasses of water tall and skinny if have not yet reached this stage than the kid will think the tall glass has more - doesnt understand conservaion )

Question 4

4th stage piaget

Answer 4

formal operational, 12+ age

- abstract, moral learning

Question 5

piaget

Answer 5

development of schemas - assimilation and accomadation

- cog dev about the dev of schemas ( and this happens through a & a)

Question 6

assimilation

Answer 6

interpret new experiences in term of our current understanding or current schemas
- think of a toy and assimulation is putting in a piece (of info) into the already existing cookie cutter schema ( block) - kinda like a puzzel

Question 7

accomadations

Answer 7

how we adjust our schemas to better incorperate or experieces, or create a new schema if it wont fit in

• think of finding a new puzzel peice and trying to fit it into your already existing schema, but it wont fir, so you have to make a new door for it in your schema bloc k, or create a whole new schema block

Question 8

role of culture in cog dev

Answer 8

lev vygotsky says that the driving force of cog dev is the childs internilization of his or her culture ( rules, symbols, language)

Question 9

fluid intelligence

Answer 9

problem solving skills (peaks in early adulthood), quick and abstract reasoning

Question 10

crystallized intelligence

Answer 10

use of learned skills and knowledge ( peaks in middle adulthood), accumulated knowledge

Question 11

trail and error

Answer 11

random guesses untill something works

Question 12

algorithms

Answer 12

formula or procedure to find soution ( logical step by step)

Question 13

heauristic

Answer 13

mental short cut - simplify complex problems - rules of thumbs

• types of heuristics: means -ends or working backwards

Question 14

deductive reasoning

Answer 14

top-down; start with general rules and draw conclusions fro info given

Question 15

inductive reasoning

Answer 15

bottom-up; start with specific things and then build up to a conclusion

Question 16

availability heuristics

Answer 16

using examples that readily come to mind

• sometimes not always the best options
• for example do you think the risk for dieing from a shark attack or a fire work accident is more probable?? since shark accidents come to mind more readily ( bc we see this in the news and movies more- this is an availibility heuristic) but is false

Question 17

representative heuristc

Answer 17

matching prototypes ( not exact memories) 
- representative of a feminast - so we think she is

Question 18

base rate fallacy

Answer 18

using prototypes or stereotypes while ignoring actual numerical information

Ignoring statistical information in favor of using irrelevant information, that one incorrectly believes to be relevant, to make a judgment. This usually stems from the irrational belief that statistics don’t apply to a situation, for one reason or another when, in fact, they do.

Question 19

confirmation bias

Answer 19

activley seek out only info confirming facts

Question 20

belief perseverance

Answer 20

ignore disconfirming facts

Question 21

semantic network

Answer 21

concepts organized in the mind that are connected in networks

Question 22

IQ

Answer 22

mental age/ chronological age x 100

Question 23

g factor

Answer 23

general intelligence

Question 24

3 intelligences

Answer 24

analytical (IQ), creative, practical

Question 25

sensory memory

Answer 25

getting the input

Question 26

iconic mem

Answer 26

what you see (less than half a second)

Question 27

echoic memory

Answer 27

what you hear (3-4 sec)

Question 28

WORKING MEMORY

Answer 28

7 plus or minus 2 peices of information ( that is why phone numbers are 7 numbers long)

Question 29

visual and spatial info is processed where?

Answer 29

visuo-spartial sketch pad

Question 30

phonological loop

Answer 30

verbal info ( words and numbers you saw or heard)

Question 31

central exercutive

Answer 31

traffic cop - cordinates the phonlogical loop and viso-spartial pad

Question 32

long term mem explicitive

Answer 32

facts or events that you can recal ( semantic - words), or eposidoc memoru - recall events

Question 33

implicit memories

Answer 33

how to ride a bike - cant articulate how much pressure to put on pedals - just know how

Question 34

priming

Answer 34

“hair” do you think hare or hair –> depends on the context that happened few mins before

Question 35

cognitive dissonance

Answer 35

to make contradictions less discomfortable

• modify, add, trivalize, deny (smoking and cancer are not related)
• ppl strive for harmony ( when attitudes and behaviours dont align this is when we have cognitive dissonace