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Step 2 UWorld > UWorld Self Assessment > Flashcards

UWorld Self Assessment Flashcards

0
Q

What 2 chemicals should come to mind for a pt who drank windshield washer fluid or anti-freeze? One main sx of each to tell them a part?

A
  1. Methanol = visual disturbances

2. Ethylene glycol = acute kidney injury (hematuria or renal failure)

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1
Q

Most common and feared complication of TPN?

A

-infection of cath tip

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2
Q

Acid-base disturbance caused by ethylene glycol ingestion?

A

-severe anion-gap metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

What is considered a reactive nonstress test? When is this test done? What does it assess?

A
  • 2 or more heart rate accelerations of 15 bpm above the baseline –> last for 15 sec
  • within the 20 min of observation
  • *this test is usually done in high risk pregnancies to assess for fetal hypoxemia
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4
Q

Nontender skin nodules with centeral necrosis: what is it? What is it caused by? Who is it usually seen in?

A
  • ecthyma gangrenosum
  • caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia
  • can be seen in immunocomp pts
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5
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus typically a sx of?

A
  • pericardial tamponade
  • cardiac filling can only occur during deep inhalation bc thats when the neg pressure allows for the pressure difference btwn the vena cava and RA
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6
Q

Loss of palpable pulse during inspiration?

A

-pulsus paradoxus

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7
Q

Fever, headache, seizures, confusion, and stupor that develops over a few days?

A

-think: herpes simplex encephalitis

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8
Q

HSV encephalitis on CT/MRI and in CSF?

A
  • CT/MRI will show abnormalities in the frontotemporal region of brain
  • CSF = ^proteins, ^RBC, normal glucose
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9
Q

What is heard on exam in pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • basilar, fine, dry crackles

- “velcro”

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10
Q

FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio in pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • FVC = decreased

- FEV1/FVC = normal (or even increased) –> bc both will decrease the same!

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11
Q

What is one key feature of the pleural fluid in the pleural effusion caused by TB?

A

-very high total protein, > 4 g/dL

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12
Q

What is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Who is it commonly seen in? Ssx?

A
  • bacterial infection of the ascitic fluid
  • thought to be caused by bacteria that translocates across the intestinal wall and seeds into the ascitic fluid w/ in the peritoneal cavity
  • non-specific ssx: abdominal pain and fever –> dont always see rebound tenderness and gaurding
  • ascitic fluid neutrophil count > 250
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13
Q

What is the most common primary brain tumor seen in adults?

A

-gliomas

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14
Q

Polymyositis v polymyalgia rheumatica?

A
  • polymositis = proximal muscle wkness + ^LDH + ^CPK

- polymyalgia rheumatica = proximal muscle tenderness w/out increase in LDH or CPK

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15
Q

Tx for Conn’s syndrome?

A

-spironolactone = inhibits aldo

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16
Q

What 2 markers are most specific for SLE?

A
  • anti-DS DNA

- ant-Smith antibodies

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17
Q

What type of pain is sharp and localized?

A

-somatic pain!

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18
Q

What should diabetics do with their insulin when they are going to engage in intense exercise?

A

-decrease their dose! To avoid hypoglycemia!

19
Q

Medical tx of overflow incontinence?

A

-cholinergic agonists

20
Q

Tx for proteinuria?

A

-ACEi or ARBs

21
Q

What should be given if steroids don’t work for tx of some kidney diseases?

A

-cyclophosphamide!

22
Q

What cardiac problem can coxsackie B virus cause?

A

-dilated cardiomyopathy!

23
Q

What should be thought of as the cause of painless jaundice unless proven otherwise?

A

-pancreatic cancer!

24
Q

What is bacteremia in sickle cell pts most commonly caused by?

A

-strep pneumo!

25
Q

Tx of acute dystonia?

A

-antihistamine = diphenhydramine

26
Q

Tx for extrahepatic cholestasis?

A

-endoscopic stent placement

27
Q

Tx of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia?

A
  1. Hydration
  2. Pain control
  3. Supplemental oxygen
28
Q

First thing to do when septic shock is suspected?

A
  • fluid bolus, since there is inadequate perfusion of tissues due to the vasodilation
  • continue boluses until bp normalizes
29
Q

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and eosinophilia?

A

-think: parasite infection

30
Q

Most common cause of renal dysfunction in multiple mylenoma?

A

-renal tubular damage from light chain casts

31
Q

What lab abnormalities are usually seen with only one alpha globin gene abnormality? What is this condition called?

A
  • Usually no symptoms and no lab normalities

- known as alpha thalassemia minima

32
Q

Hemiparalysis w/contrlateral facial wkness: where is the lesion?

A

-pons!

33
Q

Hemiparalysis + contralateral occulomotor dysfunction: where is the lesion?

A

-midbrain

34
Q

What does a positive 99m-Tc-pertechnetate scan mean? What sx is usually seen?

A
  • means there is ectopic gastric mucosa within a Meckel’s diverticulum
  • sx: painless GI bleed in a kid
35
Q

Shortly after thoracentesis a pt has rapid reaccumulation of pleural effussion, dificulty breathing, and hemodynamic instability?

A

-think hemothorax, which is a potential complication of a thoracentesis

36
Q

Most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults?

A
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

- AKA: membranous glomerulonephritis

37
Q

What is the mechanism of nitrates in the relief of chest pain?

A

-venodilate = reduces preload = decrease myocardial oxygen demand

38
Q

Bug that causes Meningitis in a transplant pt?

A

-think: listeria!

39
Q

Decreased vibratory sense in an elderly patient?

A

-can be normal in an elderly pt

40
Q

2 Causes of aortic stenosis in developed countries?

A
  1. Bicuspid aortic valve

2. Aortic root dilation

41
Q

What is the protein and WBC levels in CSF of Guillian-Barre Syndrome?

A
  • ^^protein

- normal WBC

42
Q

What portion of the adrenal gland does a pheo arise from?

A

-chromaffin cells of the medulla

43
Q

Calculation for anion gap?

A
  • Na-(Cl + bicarb)

- normal: 8 - 12

44
Q

How are ketones made?

A

-fatty acid breakdown by the liver

45
Q

What should be given to a pt in DKA before insulin and after resuscitation?

A

-potassium!!

Step 2 UWorld (10 decks)

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