Uworld 8/19 Flashcards

0
Q

What is reye syndrome?

A
  • encephalopathy +/- liver disease caused by giving aspirin to a child for influenza or varicella infection
  • pathophysiology: microvesicular fatty infiltration & hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction
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1
Q

What can aspirin cause in a child when given to them for influenza or varicella infection?

A

-reye syndrome = encephalopathy and/or liver failure

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2
Q

What is the only time aspirin should be given to a child?

A

-kawasaki disease!!

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3
Q

What is more common in blunt trauma: esophageal or tracheobronchial rupture?

A

-tracheobronchial rupture!

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4
Q

When does false labor usually occur?

A

-last 4-8 wks of pregnancy

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5
Q

Describe the contractions of false labor?

A
  • they are lower in the abdomen
  • irregular
  • interval does not shorten or increase in intensity
  • NO cervical changes
  • relieved by sedation
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6
Q

What is the best initial test to do with any complaints of trouble swallowing?

A

-barium swallow study!

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7
Q

What is the best way to help prevent kidney damage when a contrast CT scan is needed?

A

-use non-ionic contrast agent

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8
Q

Microbio of pseudomonas?

A

-gram-neg rod

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9
Q

Dx of malaria?

A

-thick and thin blood smears

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10
Q

2 non-vasculitis conditions that have positive p-ANCA too!

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis
    * *both HLA-B27
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11
Q

Can relative risk be calculated from case-control studies?

A
  • NO!

- only the odds ratio can be determined

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12
Q

4 Common drugs that are ototoxic?

A
  1. Aminoglycoside antibiotics
  2. Chemotx
  3. Aspirin
  4. Loop diuretics (ex furosemide)
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13
Q

What tx of graves dz can cause a worsening of opthalmopathy?

A
  • radioiodine ablation –> bc releases more TH at first

- these effects are usually mild and transient, but can be given glucocorticoid tx prophylactically

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14
Q

What is the only tx that is effective in reducing the risk of early reccurance of an ischemic stroke?

A

-aspirin!

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15
Q

What 3 things can trigger vasovagal syncope?

A
  1. Emotional stress
  2. Painful stimuli
  3. Prolonged standing
16
Q

Dx of vasovagal stroke?

A
  • usually a clinical dx, with no other testing needed

- tilt test if clinical presentation is unclear

17
Q

Tx of mucormycosis?

A

-surgical debridement + amphotericin

18
Q

What type of bias is it when you lose a lot of subjects to follow-up?

A

-attrition bias = a selection bias

19
Q

Recurrent nose bleeds, oral lesions, and clubbing?

A
  • think: osler-weber-rendu syndrome = hereditary telangiectasia
  • develop multiple av malformations
  • these pts can develope pulmonary AVMs that cause R–>L shunts
20
Q

What grade is a “flow murmur”? What should be done for murmurs that are > grade?

A
  • grade I/II = innocent flow murmur of childhood, usually from VSD that will close on their own
  • higher than grade II should have echo to determine size, severity, and location of defect
21
Q

“Stuck on” skin lesion?

A

-seborrheic keratosis!!!!!!

22
Q

Potassium in DKA and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

A
  • serum levels might measure as normal or even high, but ther is actually a total body defecit
  • bc insulin def and hyperosmolarity cause the mvmnt of potassium OUT of the cells and into the extracellular space
23
Q

What is a marker of poor prognosis in CLL?

A

-thrombocytopenia!

24
A baby with vomiting, bloody stools, and abdominal distention?
-think: necrotizing entercolitis!
25
Tx of choice for duodenal hematoma?
-NG suction + parenteral nutrition
26
When are duodenal hematomas commonly seen?
-with blunt abdominal trauma, esp in kids
27
When does a febrile non-hemolytic rxn to a blood transfusion usually occur?
-within 1-6 hrs of transfusion
28
Tx for viral myocarditis?
-diuretic + inotropes
29
What are 2 specific signs of CHF and increased cardiac filling pressures?
1. Elevated BNP | 2. Audible S3
30
Etiology if sudden vision changes in a diabetic?
- hyperosmolarity | - diabetic retinopathy is a chronic gradual change
31
What is one love vaccine that is not contraindicated in an HIV pt?
- MMR! | - as long as CD4 is > 200 and no-AIDS defining illnesses are present
32
What disease used to be the most common cause for adrenal insufficiency?
-tuberculosis!
33
What is the bronchoalveolar lavage test best at diagnosing?
1. Suspected malignancy | 2. Opportunistic infections
34
Best dx test for PCP?
-bronchiolar lavage
35
What is the most common cause of cor pulmonale in the the US?
-COPD
36
Tx for supraventricular tachy?
-tx: adenosine = interrupts AV nodal reentry circuit
37
Atrophic (glossy) tounge, vitiligo, thyroid dz, and neurologic abnormalities?
-think: pernicious anemia
38
Arthritis in a pt with hemophilia?
- called: hemophilic arthropathy - consequence of recurrent hemarthroses - hemosiderin deposition leads to synovitis and fibrosis within the joint