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Step 2 UWorld > UWorld 8/24 > Flashcards

UWorld 8/24 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the first sign of hypovolemia?

A

-increased pulse rate!

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1
Q

4 Red flags for orbital cellulitis?

A
  1. Decreased visual acuity
  2. Diplopia
  3. Opthalmolegia
  4. Proptosis
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2
Q

3 Ssx of chorioamnionitis?

A
  1. Uterine tenderness
  2. Maternal fever
  3. Tachycardia
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3
Q

4 Risk factors of chorioamnionitis?

A
  1. Prolonged rupture of membranes (> 24hrs)
  2. Prolonged labor
  3. Internal fetal/uterine monitoring devices
  4. Presence of genital tract pathogens (ex. UTI)
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4
Q

C-section for chorioamnionitis?

A

-only if fetus is in distress!

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5
Q

Corneal vesicles and dendritic ulcers?

A

-think: herpes simplex keratinitis

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6
Q

What is the pH, PCO2, and HCO3 usually in salicylate toxicity?

A
  • AKA asprin OD
  • pH = close to normal
  • PCO2 = low = resp alkalosis
  • HCO3 = low = also metabolic acidosis!
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7
Q

Lower pulse with MI?

A
  • AV node involvement

- think: RV infarction

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8
Q

What type of fluid is typically seen in a pleural effusion due to CHF? What is the pH of the fluid?

A
  • typically transudative

- pH 7.4-7.55

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9
Q

Tx for lyme dz when doxy cant be given?

A

-amoxicillin

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10
Q

Screening for Gonorrhea and chlamydia?

A

-urine screen all asymptomatic sexually active women younger than 24

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11
Q

Most common congenital cause of aplastic anemia? Genetics? More susceptible to? Physical features?

A
  • fanconi anemia
  • autosomal recessive or x-linked
  • predisposition to developing cancer
  • physical characteristics: short stature, microcephaly, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadism, hypo/hyperpigmented areas, cafe au lait spots, lg freckles, strabismus, low set ears, middle ear abnormalities (ear infections/deafness)
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12
Q

What is the most common transfusion rxn that happens within 1-6 hrs of transfusion? Ssx? What can be done to prevent this in the future?

A
  • nonfebrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxn –> bc the leukocytes in the RBCs cause a release of cytokines
  • ssx: transient fevers, chills, and malaise –> NO hemolysis
  • can be prevented in the future by leukoreducing the RBCs
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13
Q

Initial workup in a postmenopausal women that has an adnexal mass (2)? What to do if they are both negative?

A
  1. CA 125 level
  2. Transvagina, ultrasound
    - if both CA 125 level is low and ultrasound is normal, then pt can be monitored via transvag us
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14
Q

What congenital cardiac abnormality is most often seen in Down Syndrome?

A

-endocardial cushions defect = complete atrioventricular septal defect

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15
Q

Tx for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

-Dantrolene!

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16
Q

Tx for EPS of antipsychotics?

A

-benztropine

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17
Q

3 mechanical complications of an MI that can occur in the first 3-7 days?

A
  1. Papillary muscle rupture
  2. Left ventricular free wall rupture
  3. Interventricular septum rupture
18
Q

Pansystolic murmur that is loudest at the apex and radiates to the axilla?

A
  • think: mitral valve regurgitation

- can be due to rupture of papillary m if it has new onset post MI

19
Q

Bruit in AAA v renal artery stenosis?

A
  • AAA = systolic

- RAS = systolic-diastolic

20
Q

Pathogenesis of food borne botulism v infant botulism?

A
  • food borne = ingestion of PREFORMED botulinum. Toxin

- infant botulism = ingestion of botulinum spores from environmental dust!

21
Q

What 3 states have the highest concentration of botulinum spores in the soil?

A
  1. California
  2. Utah
  3. Pennsylvania
22
Q

Descending flaccid paralysis in an infant?

A
  • think: botulism!

- can be from toxin in food (honey) or spores in dust!

23
Q

What is the most common area of a DVT that becomes a PE?

A

-illiofemoral vein clot!

24
Q

Asplenic pt that develops hemolysis after a tick bite?

A
  • think: babesiosis

- causes hemolytic anemia, jaunice, hemoglobinuria, renal failure, death

25
Q

What is the mechanism of excess estrogen in obese women?

A

-conversion of adrenal androgens to estrogen by adipose tissue

26
Q

Initial tx for osteoarthritis?

A

-acetaminophen

27
Q

First line antibiotics that can be used for UTI during pregnancy (3)?

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Nitrofurantoin
  3. Cephalexin
28
Q

What test is recommended before giving a pt trasthzumabb

A

-echocardiogram –> bc the drug can be cardiotoxic!!

29
Q

What 2 conditions can cause splinter hemorrhages?

A
  1. Endocarditis

2. Trichinelosis infection –> from undercooked pork

30
Q

Periorbital edema, myositis, eosinophillia?

A

-think: trichinosis from eating raw pork!

31
Q

3 Meds used for HTN in preg?

A
  1. Labetalol
  2. Methyl dopa
  3. Nifedipine
32
Q

Bp control in eclampsia?

A

-hydralazine!

33
Q

Organophosphate poisoning?

A

-atropine

34
Q

First medication given for pulselessness?

A

-amioderone

35
Q

Med given for SVTs?

A

-adenosine = blocks AV node

36
Q

CCBs given for afib?

A

-verapamil and diltiazem

37
Q

Atropine? Amioderone? Adenosine?

A
  • atropine = for organophosphate poisoning –> blocks acetylcholine
  • amoiderone = given first between shocks in cardiac arrest
  • adenosine = for SVTs –> very short acting AV blocker
38
Q

What is hyposthenuria? What genetic disease is it commonly seen in?

A
  • impairment in kidneys ability to concentrate urine

- commonly linked with sickle cell anemia and trait, but can be seen in normals too

39
Q

Another name for eczema?

A

-atopic dermatitis

40
Q

What 3 infectious dz are pregnant women tested for no matter what their risk factors are?

A
  1. Syphilis
  2. HIV
  3. Hep B
41
Q

When during preg should women be tested for syphilis?

A

-at first prenatal visit with rapid plasma regain (RPR)

42
Q

Tx for lichen-sclerosis?

A

-high-potency topical steroids are first line

43
Q

What does pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measure?

A

-preload

Step 2 UWorld (10 decks)

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