UWorld-Blood Vessels

Question 1

what disease matches this histology: transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 1

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 2

what disease for this histology: medial band-like calcification

Answer 2

Monckeburg’s (medial calcific necrosis)

Question 3

homogenous acellular thickening of arteriolar walls =?

Answer 3

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Question 4

onion-like thickening of arteriolar walls =?

Answer 4

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis (can result from malignant HTN)

Question 5

granulomatous inflammation of the media =?

Answer 5

temporal arteritis (or Takayasu’s: use age and location of lesion to differentiate [temporal arteries vs. great vessels of aortic arch])

Question 6

focal necrotizing granulomas in lung and upper airway as well as necrotizing glomerulonephritis =?

Answer 6

Wegener’s (granulomatosis with polyangitis)

Question 7

similar to Wegener’s but without nasopharyngeal involvement, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and palpable purpura =?

Answer 7

microscopic polyangitis

Question 8

name some examples of leukoclastic vasculitis;

what is their characteristic histology

Answer 8

microscopic polyangitis, microscopic polyarteritis, hypersensitivity vasculitis (i.e. Rheumatoid arteritis);
characterized by fibrinoid necrosis

Question 9

what do adenosine and ACh do to cardiac pacemaker cells

Answer 9

adenosine prolongs opening of K+ channels and blocks slow inward Ca2+ influx allowing for hyperpolarization of the cell and decreased rate of action potentials;
ACh acts similarly, but also decreases slow Na influx in addition to slow Ca2+ influx