Kaplan Heme/Lymph 1 Flashcards
2/27 test: #1-33 3/12 test: #34-
What condition are Birbeck granules associated with?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)
What cancer is Philidelphia chromosome associated with?
Chronic myeloid leukemia (and occassionally acute lymphocytic leukemia
what molecular marker is used to diagnose hairy cell leukemia?
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
what hematologic disorder is associated with elevate leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
myeloid metaplasia
explain the ristocetin test
ristocetin will only cause platelet agglutination in the presence of vWF so if you add it to blood and no agglutination occurs you can diagnose a deficiency of vWF
why is desmopressin an effective treatment for vWF disease?
desmopressin triggers release of vWF from Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells
what do Reed Sternberg cells look like on histology and what disease are they associated with
“owl-eye”, bilobed “mirror-image” nucleus which may have a large nucleolus and clear halo around it
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
what component of the eosinophilic granules of an esosinophil is involved in parasite destruction
major basic protein
what is chromium-51 used for
to measure RBC survival
what processes are evidenced by decreased ESR
slower sedimentation and settling suggests sickle cell anemia (due to abnormal shape), polycythemia (many cells), CHF (mechanism unknown)
what kind of pathogens would elicit a high neutrophil count on the CBC differential
extracellular bacteria and parasites
what kind of pathogens would elicit a Th1 response
intracellular bacteria and viruses
A patient presenting with headaches and fatigue who has a past medical history of alcohol abuse and nodular liver on X-ray is shown to have 68% Hct and reticulocytosis as well as nucleated red cells. What’s the likely diagnosis?
hepatocellular carcinoma
what does DIC do to fibrin degredation products, PT, PTT and bleeding time
increases FDP (low platelets due to coagulation), increases PT, increases PTT and increases bleeding time
what do ITP, TTP and HUS do to PT and PTT
nothing;
bleeding time is increased and platelet count decreased, but nothing happens to PT and PTT since coag factors aren’t involved
celecoxib is contraindicated in patients with what general allergy
allergy to sulfa drugs
of the three analgesics acetaminophen, NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors, which is safest for a patient with history of cardiovascular disease
acetaminophen;
NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors have cardiovascular toxicity risk
what makes aspirin different from other NSAIDs
it is an irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor and it exerts more of its effects on COX-1 rather than COX-2
what is the protein defect in hereditary spherocytosis
spectrin
what are the weeks when fetal erythropoesis occurs in the four main organs that produce fetal blood
yolk sac (3-8 weeks)
liver (6 weeks-birth)
spleen (10-28 weeks)
bone marrow (18 weeks-adulthood)
what marker is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia and what CBC findings would you see
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
hairy cell leukemia causes pancytopenia
what disease are Birbeck granules associated with
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)
a cell that is granular on H&E and has a metachromatic cytoplasm on Giemsa stain
mast cell
what molecules do mast cells release
histamine, serotonin, platelet activating factor, leukotrienes
lytic bone lesions and monoclonal kappa light chains in urine suggest what disease
multiple myeloma
what are Schuffer dots and what genus and species of pathogen do they indicate
multiple, scattered brick-red dots;
Schuffer dots are found in erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium vivax or ovale
which plasmodium species can cause relapse?
which of these is found in the Western hemisphere?
vivax and ovale;
vivax is found in the Western hemisphere
in a patient for whom Auer rods are seen on blood smear, what treatment should be given
ATRA (all trans retinoic acid) to treat APML (AML type M3)
if a patient present with an ovarian mass and on blood smear you observe many small lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages surrounded by clear spaces what oncogene is involved in the patient’s cancer
c-myc;
the smear described is the characteristic “starry sky” appearance of Burkitt lymphoma
what are Heinz bodies made of
oxidized and denatured hemoglobin
what’s the mnemonic for DiGeorge syndrome
CATCH-22: cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies (low set ears and shortened philtrum), thymic aplasia, clef palate, hypocalcemia (due to absent parathyroid glands)
deletion on chromosome 22
in a patient with psoriasis who has recently traveled to South America, what antimalarial would you use to treat
atovaquone-proguanil (not chloroquine because the patient came from a known resistant area and chloroquine exacerbates psoriasis symptoms)
what does fibronectin do
fibronectin is a serum protein that acts as an opsonin for phagocytes in blood clots
