Kaplan- Neuro 1 Flashcards
(01/30/14 at 15:09)
what are intrafusal (spindle) fibers and what purpose do they serve
intrafusal fibers (also known as spindle fibers) are muscle fibers that lost the ability to contract; they are connected to muscle spindles and when they are stretched the cause the muscle spindle to generate an afferent impulse
what does the Golgi tendon apparatus do
controls fine movement and posture control my regulating muscle tension (not involved in DTR’s)
what’s the difference between intrafusal and extrafusal fibers
intrafusal fibers do not contract and are involved in transmitting tension to muscle spindles
extrafusal fibers contract and are what generate the muscle contraction
what nerve supplies the posterior half of the external auditory meatus
vagus nerve
what are Negri bodies and what condition are they diagnostic for
elongated intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions;
diagnostic of Rabies
what main motor functions does the radial nerve serve
forearm extension, wrist extension, metacarpophalangeal extension, supination
what main motor functions does the musculocutaneous nerve serve
forearm flexion and supination
Herpes simplex can cause necrotizing, hemorrhagic acute encephalitis usually in which parts of the brain
temporal lobe and orbital regions of frontal lobe
a single focal lesion causing right-sided loss of all sensation in both face and body is probably located where
the ventroposterior thalamus (VPL for body sensation and VPM for facial sensation)
note: at the thalamus both tracts have already decussated so the UPN’s (2nd order) going to the thalamus will relay impulses from the same side of the body
a cerebral hemispheric and subarachnoid hemorrhage that is causing seizures can likely arise from what structural abnormality (exclude trauma)
arteriovenous malformation
note: not berry aneurysm because that would be localized more toward the base of the brain
which class of drugs is used to treat alcohol withdrawl and which drug of this class is best to use
benzodiazepines;
lorazepam (shorter half-life, inactive metabolites)
a wide-based, drunken sailor type gait with normal FTN and RAM testing is indicative of what kind of lesion
this is truncal ataxia ==> vermis
sensorineural hearing loss due to excessively loud noises or ototoxic drugs involves damage to which part of the inner ear
hair cells of the organ of Corti
what is presbycusis
age related hearing loss by which high frequency sounds are lost due to hair cell loss at the base of the cochlea
what main motor function does the femoral nerve serve
knee extension
what nerve is primarily responsible for hip abduction and what spinal nerves does it consist of
superior gluteal nerve; L4-S1
which brain tumor tends to cross the corpus callosum
glioblastoma
what sphingolipidosis is associated with beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency? beta-galactocerebrosidase deficiency? arylsulfatase A deficiency? sphingomyelinase? hexosaminidase A?
beta-glucocerebrosidase: Gaucher beta-galactocerebrosidase: Krabbe arylsulfatase A: metachromatic leukodystrophy sphingomyelinase: Neiman-Pick hexosaminidase A: Tay-Sachs
what is the main mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants? name a few TCA’s
inhibiting reuptake of biogenic amines (5-HT and NE);
amitriptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin, desipramine
what nerve supplies sensation to the anterior half of the external auditory canal
auriculotemporal
what other anatomical abnormality is associated with Chiari II malformation
myelomeningocele
what is the inheritance pattern of Huntington’s disease
autosomal dominant
damage to what kind of vessel is associated with subdural hematoma
bridging veins
what is cerebral perfusion pressure
CPP= MAP - ICP
what will the body do to MAP in response to high ICP
increase MAP, by upregulating cardiac output in order to restore CPP
what do pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 become
maxillary and stapedial arteries, respectively
what do pharyngeal arches 3 and 4 become
arch of the aorta and right subclavian
what do pharyngeal arches 5 and 6 become
nothing and the pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosis, respectively
which neurotransmitter is used at the NMJ
ACh
craniopharyngiomas often contain what non-pituitary structure
tooth (enamel)
a patient recently developed urinary incontinence, ataxia, broad-based bradykinetic gait, confusion, memory loss and loss of executive function, what treatment would you start
VP shunt; “wet wobbly wacky”, this patient has normal pressure hydrocephalus
where are the centers for vertical gaze found and what is the most common tumor to compress it
tectum;
pineal germinoma
what is imipramine and how does it work
imipramine is a TCA; acts by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and NE
which neurotransmitter is needed for induction of REM sleep
acetylcholine
what usually preceeds onset of Guillain-Barre syndrome
upper respiratory or GI infection
how is Guillain-Barre syndrome similar to Multiple Sclerosis
both are autoimmune demyelinating syndromes
sparing of what part of the pons allows a patient to be conscious during “locked-in syndrome”
tegmentum
what is the typical age range of Huntington’s onset
20s-40s
if a patient can adduct during conversion, but not during conjugate gaze what is the name of their condition and what part of the brainstem is damaged
internuclear opthalmoplegia due to damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus
MAO-A preferentially metabolizes _________ while MAO-B preferentially metabolizes _________
MAO-A preferentially metabolizes NE and serotonin
MAO-B preferentially metabolizes dopamine
what is the mechanism of action of selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor (prevents metabolism of dopamine by MAO-B)
explain how uvula deviation can help localize cranial nerve lesions
the resting uvula will deviate towards the hypoglossal nerve lesion and upon pharynx stimulation the uvula will deviate away from the vagus nerve lesion
