Uworld added 4 Flashcards
1
Q
LES tone, Esophageal motility in CREST
A
Lower LES tone, Decr motiity
2
Q
Effect of incr ACTH on adrenals
A
Hyperplasia of Zona Fasciculata
3
Q
When is separation anxiety normal
A
12-18 months of age
4
Q
Pyocianin
A
Kills competing bugs and pulmonary cells
5
Q
Why ED in liver disease
A
Hyperestrogenism –> Hypogonadism –> Low testosterone
6
Q
Specific therapy shown to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (IRDS)
A
Nitric Oxide
7
Q
What is normal in ARDS
A
Left Atrial Pressure (PCWP)
8
Q
Pathophys of ARDS
A
Endothelial cell damage (cytokines, PMN’s)
9
Q
Analgesic nephropathy
A
Marked thickening of vasa recta capillaries and intermittent tubular necrosis
10
Q
Responsible for signs and symptoms of gout
A
PMN’s engulf urate crystals after IgG binding
11
Q
Cell transformation
A
Loses ability to regulate growth
12
Q
Phentoamine MOA
A
Alpha antagonist (reversible)
13
Q
Anticholinergic symptoms
A
Hot as a hare, Dry as a bone, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter
14
Q
Feature of Burkitt Lymphoma cells
A
Prominent lipid vacuoles
15
Q
Peripheral smear of CML
A
Leukocytosis with many immature myeloid cells
16
Q
Clefted lymphocytes
A
Centrocytes = Follicular lymphoma
17
Q
Rosacea
A
Easy flushing –> Persistent erythema, telangiectasia, sensitivity to sunlight
18
Q
Most common organism in endometritis
A
Bacteroides (postpartum), Chlamydia less commonly
19
Q
Nummular exema
A
Most commonly from xerosis –> Pruritic, coin-shaped, erhythematous patches
20
Q
Psoriasis seems to be triggered by
A
Smoking, Weather change, Stress
21
Q
Vasomotor rhinitis
A
Chornic nasal congestions that worsens with abrupt change sin temp or exposure to odors or alcohol
22
Q
Deep fascia of penis surrounding corpora cavernosa and spongiosum
A
Buck’s
23
Q
Binasal hemianopsia
A
Bilateral pressure on optic chiasm - Atherosclerosis of internal carotids
24
Q
Innervation of Levator Scapulae
A
Dorsal Scapular
25
Innervation of Pec Minor
Medial Pectoral N
26
How is saliva modified on excretion
Na, Cl reabsorbed; K, HCO3 secreted
27
Adjustment disorder vs Acute Stress Disorder
In AD, no flashbacks or nightmares and typically emotional stress caused rather than life-threatening event (rarely last >6 mo)
28
Schizophrenia is >2 of …
Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized speech/behavior, Negative sx
29
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Maladaptive behavior characterized by magical thinking, odd beliefs; Usually no auditory hallucinations
30
Acanthomoeba
Fatal encephalitis in AIDS/immunocompromised - mass similar to Toxo
31
Urine darkens upon standing in sunlight
AIP (during attack)
32
Features of pleural exudate
(1) Pleural fluid protein/serum protein >0.5; (2) Pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH >0.6; or (3) Pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit normal serum LDH
33
Low glucose in pleural fluid
Malignancy or infection
34
Osmotic Fragility Test
Spherocytes more fragile (SA/volume), Sickle Cell/Thalassemia less fragile
35
Burr cells (echinocytes)
Uremia or Pyruvate Kinase deficiency
36
Complications of Hereditary Spherocytosis
Pigment Gallstones, Aplastic Crises from Parvo B19
37
HSphero after splenectomy
Infections, Thrombosis
38
Sodium and Glucose osmotic relationship
Serum sodium drops 1.6 mEq/L for every 100mg/dL rise in blood glucose
39
Timepoint for early male vs femal differentiation of external genitalia
10 weeks
40
Postmortem clots vs thrombi
Bright purple to red, gelatinous; Not attached to vessel wall, lack lines of Zahn
41
Gastrin receptor on Parietal Cells
CCK2
42
Palmitoylation
FA's are covalently anchored to plasma membrane cysteine residues --> Incr hydrophobicity; Many GPCR's exhibit this anchoring
43
Changes in HR, LVESV after Nitroglycerin
HR incr, LVESV decreased (decr stroke work = lower ratio of MVO2:Coronary BF)
44
Allelic vs Genetic heterogeneity
Allelic = different mutations in same gene; Genetic = Mutations in different genes
45
Phenotypic heterogeneity
Mutations in same gene result in different phenotypes
46
DMD vs BMD is blank hetergeneity
Allelic
47
Clemastine
Selective H1 blocker for allergic rhinitis or urticaria but not asthma (H4)
48
Serotonin causes vaso…
Constriction
49
Indirect ELISA
Detect specific antibodies in pt serum
50
Most bacterial efflux pumps work by
Moving protons along concentration gradient out of cell coupled with expelling antibiotic
51
Chromosome 4
ADPKD (PKD2), Huntingtons
52
Chromosome 5
Cri-du-chat, FAP
53
Chromosome 7
Williams, Cystic Fibrosis
54
Chromosome 9
Freidreich Ataxia
55
Chromosome 13
Patau, Wilson disease
56
Chromosome 16
ADPKD (PKD1)
57
Chromosome 17
NF1 (NR17)
58
Proteins destined for ER possess
N-terminal peptide sequence (15-20 hydrophobic AA's) --> Recognized by SRP --> Fed into RER
59
Hydrops Fetalis
Hb Barts (4 nonfunctional globin loci), Parvovirus B19, Rh disease, etc
60
Abnormally low Testosterone in Seminiferous Tubules, Epididymis
Sertoli cell dysfunction (ABP) --> Necessary to maintain high testosterone locally
61
What gland is responsible for hyperhidrosis (palms, soles, axillae)
SNS (cholinergic though) --> T2 sympathetic ganglia for axillary hyperhidrosis
62
Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion -->
Tarsal muscle, Lacrimal gland, Radial muscle of iris, All salivary glands
63
Red safranin O
cartilage, mast cell granules, mucin
64
PAF actions
IP3 --> Ca --> Bronchoconstriction, Vasoconstriction, Platelet aggregation
65
Low levels PAF
NO --> GC --> cGMP --> Vasodilator that promotes leukocyte adhesion; diapedesis, degranulation, oxidative burst
66
How does Prostacyclin inhibit platelet function
Incr cAMP by stimulating AC
67
Epidermoid cysts
Keratin-filled, cystic papules - not actually from sebaceous glands
68
Slope of Lineweaver Burk
Km/Vmax
69
Rigidity of Chlamydia wall
Lack peptidoglycan -- Cysteine-rich outer membrane with S-S bridges
70
First generation Sulfonylureas
Chlorpropamide, Tolbutamide
71
GLP-1 analogs
Exenatide, Liraglutide
72
Amylin analogs
Pramlintide
73
SGLT-2 inhibitor
Canaglifozin
74
Compact vs spongy
Outer shell vs Inner cancellous trabeculae
75
Woven vs Lamellar bone
Woven is immature (often pathologic in adult)
76
Bony callus is composed of
Flexible hyaline cartilage
77
Lynch syndrome cancers
Colorectal, Endometrial
78
FAP cancers
Colorectal, Brain, Desmoids/osteomas
79
vHL cancers
Hemangioblastoma, Clear cell RCC, Pheo
80
MEN1 vs MEN2 gene
MEN1 is tumor suppressor (menin); MEN2 is proto-oncogene (RET)
81
Papoviruses
Polyoma and Papilloma
82
All DNA viruses replicate in blank expect blank
Nucleus, exc Pox
83
All DNA viruses are linear except
Papilloma, Polyoma, Hepadna
84
*-ssRNA virus that carries own RNA polymerase
Paramyxovirus
85
Pontiac Fever
self-limited flu-like illness from Legionella
86
Colloid goiter
Diffuse, nontoxic goiter
87
Achalasia is due to
Aperistalsis in distal esophagus and hypertensive LES unable to relax
88
Conduction aphasia
Only repitition impaired
89
Unmyelinated neurons (Group C)
(1) Autonomic postganglionic; (2) Heat afferents; (3) Afferents of dull, burning, visceral pain
90
Delusional disorder
>1 delusion for >1 mo; Ability to function apart from delusion
91
Standard Error
SD / sqrt(n)
92
Lassa Fever is transmitted by
Rodent urine
93
Loading of MHC 1 vs 2
1 is shuttled to RER and loaded with antigen presented by TAP; 2 is shuttled to endosome with Invariant chain
94
CD1
Present lipid-containing foreign antigens to CD1-specific T cells
95
Extrinsic toxins causing ATN
Aminoglycosides, Amph B, Contrast dye, Heavy metals
96
Callus
Painless thickening of stratum corneum
97
Cut section of PCOS ovary
Subcapsular folicles in diff stages of atresia rimmed by hyperplastic theca stromal cells
98
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Isolated T lymphocyte deficiency
99
APRT deficiency
Purine salvage def (Adenine to AMP) => Hyperuricemia, Adenine stone urolithiasis
100
Block aminoacyl-tRNA access to 30S
Tetracyclines
101
Blocks peptidyltransferase action on 50S
Chloramphenicol
102
Pyromycin MOA
analog to amionacyl-tRNA
103
Direct Cholinomimetics
Bethenachol, Carbachol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine
104
GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors are used in
Acute Coronary Syndrome
105
Origin of germ cells
Posterior Yolk Sac --> Gonadal ridge during 5th/6th wk of development (may stray)
106
Heart defects in DiGeorge
Conotruncal - Truncus, Tetrology, Interrupted aortic arch
107
Lipoxin A4, B4
Decr leukocyte recruitment
108
PGD2/E2
Vasodilation, Inc vascular permeability
109
FSGS is often associated with
HIV, Heroin, Sickle cell
110
Collapsing Glomerulopathy
HIV --> FSFS variant
111
HoxA-13
Hand-Foot-Genital Syndrome
112
MUDPILES
Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Propylene Glycol, INH/Iron, Lactic Acidosis, Ethylene Glycol, Salicylates
113
At constant contractility, max velocity of skeletal muscle contraction increases as
Afterload (force against which it must contract) decreases
114
Acute leukemia presents as
Pancytopenia
115
Glucagon vs Octreotide on splanchnic flow
Glucagon vasodilates, Octreotide vasconstricts and diverts to caval
116
tRNA D arm vs TWC loop
D arm facilitates correct AA pairing; T arm necessary to bind to ribosomes
117
Which is slanted: TOF for depolarizing or non-depolarizing?
Slanted for non-depolarizing (Tubucurarine, Phase 2 succinylcholine)
118
Ribavirin MOA
(1) Hypermutates; (2) Inhibit IMP DH - depletes GTP; (3) Inhibit HCV RNA polymerase; (4) Inhibit 5' cap; (5) Enhance Th1 immunity
119
When is RBC Cl content highest
Venous blood (CO2 --> HCO3 --> Exchanged for Cl)
120
Scala tympani/vestibuli vs scala media
Tympani/vestibuli have high Na content (perilymph); Media high K content (endolymph)
121
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Parkinsonism (midbrain, frontal subcortical white matter) --> Rapid gait dysfunction, Falls, Executive fxn loss, Vertical gaze palsy --> Tau proteins
122
Absent matrix protein in measles
Mediates mature viron particle formation --> Absent can lead to SSPE
123
From what is alanine formed in muscle
Pyruvate + NH2-
124
Glutamine in kidneys
Glutaminase --> Glutamate and NH3/NH4+
125
Murmurs that incr with Decr Preload and Afterload
Valsalva/Abrupt standing --> MVP and HCM decr (LV volume decr)
126
Murmurs that incr with Handgrip
AR, MR, VSD (incr LV and aortic pressure)
127
Murmurs that decr with Handgrip
HCM (incr LV volume), AS (decr transvalvular gradient)
128
Germ layer of Bladder, Urethra
Endoderm
129
Germ layer of middle ear
Endoderm
130
Germ layer of lungs
Endoderm
131
Germ layer of Internal Genitalia
Mesoderm
132
Germ layer of Kidney, Ureters
Mesoderm (vs bladder, urethra are endoderm)
133
Germ layer of Adrenal Cortex vs Medulla
Cortex is mesoderm, Medulla is NC
134
Primitive streak
Thickening of epiblast that appears cadually and grows cranially
135
Epiblast cells that undergo EMT
Migrate down to become mesoderm and endoderm
136
B vs Power
B is probability of committing type 2 error; Power is 1-B, the probability of rejecting null hypothesis when it is truly false
137
Myelodysplastic Syndromes are characterized by
Ineffective hematopoeisis and cell maturation defects (BM shows dysplastic differentiation among all non-lymphoid lineages)
138
How far do cilia extend in respiratory tree? Goblet cells?
Goblet cells end in segmental bronchus, cilia extend thru terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles (in order to sweep mucus back up)
139
Bronchioles (vs Bronchi) generally lack
Goblet cells, Glands, and Cartilage
140
CD16
Low-affinity Fc receptor on NK cells, PMNs, Macrophages
141
Tumor suppressor or proto-oncogene: APC, WT1, vHL?
All tumor suppressors
142
EGFR inhibitors are used for
Non-small cell lung cancer
143
D-glutamic acid capsule
B anthracis
144
Require NADPH as cofactor
FA, Cholesterol, Steroid synthesis; Drug metabolism
145
Selection bias
Non-random selection, or Selective attrition of participatns
146
Haldane effect
Incr O2 binding --> Incr CO2 and H+ unloading
147
Cofactor for ALA synthase
B6
148
CD18 deficiency
Leukocyte adhesion --> Skin infections WITHOUT pus, Delayed separation
149
C3 vs C4 in PSGN
C3 low, C4 normal
150
Hemoglobin Bart
Gamma 4 - Homozygous alpha thal
151
Location of N-acetylglutamate Synthase
Liver mitochondria (urea cycle)
152
Asparagine is formed from
Glutamine transfers to Aspartate
153
Etoposide vs Irinotecan vs Topotecan
Etoposide is Topo 2; Others are 1
154
Topo 1 vs 2
1 makes ss nicks; 2 makes ds nikcs
155
Etoposide MOA
Podophyllin --> Seal ds nicks
156
Positive and Negative LR
LR+ = Sensitivity/(1-specificity); LR- = (1-sensitivity)/Specificity
157
Incidence and mortality of top 3 cancers in women
Incidence is Breast, Lung, Colon; Mortality is Lung, Breast Colon
158
AE of Ticlopidine
Neutropenia
159
Reverse T3 is generated from
Peripheral conversion of T4
160
Where is GTP formed in CAC
Succinyl-CoA --> Succinate
161
First does of ACEi
Hypotension --> Predisposed with hyponatremia, hypovolemia (diuretics), high renin/aldosterone, renal impairment, heart failure
162
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma cells are
Large, Overlapping nuclei, Finely dispersed chromatin, Intranuclear inclusions and grooves
163
Length Constant
(Space constant) - Measure of how far along axon an electical impulse can propogate
164
Time Constant
Time it takes for change in membrane potential to achieve 63% of new value (lower = incr speed)
165
Bluish neoplasm under nail bed
1. Glomangioma; 2. Melanoma
166
Glomus bodies
Neurovascular organs in dermis - Thermoregulation
167
E6 and E7
HPV - E6 inhibits p53, E7 binds Rb
168
Right Nasal Hemiopia
Aneurysm or Atherosclerotic calcification of Internal Carotid impinging upon optic chiasm
169
Lipoid acid is involved in
(1) Decarboxylation of a-Keta Acids; (2) Transfer of alkyl groups
170
Citrullinemia
Deficiency of Arginosuccinate Synthetase
171
Effect of Hyperammonemia on neurons
(1) Deplete Glutamate and a-KG; (2) Incr Glutamine = Hyperosmolarity, Mito dysfxn
172
Oxindole
Elevated in hepatic encephalopathy
173
Enterovirus vs Picornavirus
All picorna are entero except Rhinovirus
174
Naked ssDNA virus
Parvovirus
175
Lesions very characteristic of Histoplasmosis
Ulcerated lesions of tongue
176
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
(milk leg) = Iliofemoral venous thrombosis in peripartum women
177
Dystrophic calcifications occurs where
Necrosis
178
Heart assocations with Down's
Ostium Primum ASD, Regurgitant AV valves
179
Heart associations with DiGeorge
Tetrology, Aortic Arch anomalies
180
Heart associations with Friedreich's Ataxia
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
181
Heart associations with Marfan's
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta
182
Most serious long term effect of chloroquine
Retinopathy
183
Mesenteric Adenitis
Yersinia enterocolitica - Pseudoappendicitis (5-14)
184
Pacinian vs Ruffini corpuscles
Both myelinated Abeta fibers; Both tough, proprioception, vibration; Pacinian are rapidly adapting, Ruffini are slow
185
Tranexamic Acid
Like Aminocaproic acid, inhibits fibrinolysis
186
Leukoerythroblastic Peripheral Smear
Nucleated red cells, Immature white's = Bone marrow fibrosis or met cancer
187
Hepatoblastoma is associated with
FAP or Beckwith-Wiedeman
188
Most vulnerable areas of CNS to hypoxemia
(1) Pyramidal cells of Hippocampus and neocortex; (2) Purkinje cells of cerebelllum
189
Chronic rejection of lung transplant vs kidney
Inflammation of small bronchioles vs inflammation of vasculature in kidney
190
NO is synthesized by
Arginine + O2
191
Decreased activity of bacterial catalase peroxidase
Isoniazid resistance
192
Eggshell calcifications and birefringent particles surrounded by fibrous tissue
Silicosis
193
Berylliosis manifestation
Non-caseating granulomas without obvious particles
194
Too much IgA
Risk of N meningitidis
195
Conditions with Pulsus Paradoxus
COPD, Asthma, PE, Cardiac Tamponade, Constrictive Pericarditis
196
Injury causing Obturator n injury
Anterior Hip Dislocation, Iatrogenic
197
When are S3 and S4 normal
S3 in children, young adults, pregnancy; S4 in healthy older adults
198
ERBB1 is associated with
SCC of lung
199
ERBB2 associated with
Breast and Ovarian Cancer
200
Receptor for CMV
Integrins
201
Receptor for Rabies
nAChR
202
Receptor for Rhinovirus
ICAM1 (CD54)
203
Meningitis is infants >3mo
Strep pneumo, N meningitidis
204
MacConkey's is selective for
Gram negatives
205
Use of Fenfluramine, Dexfenfluramine, and Phentermine for >3mo -->
Pulmonary HTN
206
When does BP first fall in Pulmonary HTN
exercise
207
Ligament forming posterior wall of spinal canal
Flavum
208
Rb chromosome
13
209
Cholinergic innervation to blood vessels
No innervation to wall --> M receptors on endothelial cells --> Release NO (endothelium-derived relaxation factor)
210
NO --> cGMP -->
Ca efflux
211
Absolute contraindications to OCPs
Thromboembolic event, Stroke, Estrogen-dependent tumor, >35 and smoke, HyperTG, Liver disease, Pregnancy
212
Onset of DT timeline
48-72 hours (SNS hyperactivity, hallucinations, confusion)
213
Location of instussuseption
Ileocolic junction
214
Age >2 with intussuception
Look for lead point
215
Age of MMR vaccination
12-15 months
216
Diagnosis of Granuloma inguinale? Painful lesion?
Klebsiella inguinale --> Donovan bodies --> Initial lesion not painful
217
Diagnosis of Lymphogranuloma venereum
Intracytoplasmic chlamydial inclusion bodies
218
Donovanosis if untreated
Elephantitis
219
Treatment of Focal Seizures
Carb, Gaba, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
220
Treatment of Generalized seizures (TC and Myoclonic)
Lamotrigene, Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Valproic Acid
221
Myoclonic seizures
Generalized, No loss of consciousness or postictal state
222
Fluphenazine
DA antagonist - Tourette's
223
Metyrapone
Blocks 11-B-Hydroxylase --> Lack of pituitary feedback --> Incr ACTH
224
Autoimmune Hypophysitis
ACUTE (vs Sheehan which is more subacute/chronic) - Cortisol def, Visual field defects
225
Histology of Dubin Johnson
Although grossly black, histology may be relatively normal, with epinephrine metabolites in lysosomes
226
Most patients on Amiodarone can expect at least one of:
Hepatitis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Thyroid, Blue-gray skin, Corneal micro-depositis - Holy Fuck, This Blows Cock
227
Blank contracts behind food bolus to initiate peristaltic cascade
Cricopharyngeus
228
Cricopharyngeal dysfunction
Failure of relaxation during swallowing --> Choking of "food sticking"
229
Among acute viral exanthems, which have maculopapular rash that begins on face and spreads to trunk/extremities
Measles and Rubella
230
Compared to measles, rash of rubella typically
Spreads faster, doesn’t coalesce or darken
231
Roseola Infanatum
HHV6 - Transient rash on trunk and chest a few days after fever subsides
232
Colorado tick fever
Fever, vomitting, myalgias, weakness
233
Paneth cells
Base of intestinal crypts --> Phagocytic and secretory properties
234
Which insulin binds albumin
Detemir
235
Infections causing pancreatitis
Mumps, Coxsackie, Mycoplasma
236
Drugs causing pancreatitis
Azathioprine, Sulfasalazine, Furosemide, Valproic acid
237
Incr oxalate in urine is associated with
Intestinal malabsorption syndromes (eg Crohn's)
238
In addition to Na and GABA actions, Valproate blocks
NMDA
239
High AV concentration gradient of anesthetic
More extracted from arterial blood --> More must be absorbed to saturate blood and then brain --> Slower onset of action
240
Type of beta blockers that can cause hyperkalemia
B2 (nonselective)
241
Myocardium can endure ischemia for how long without serious irreversible consequences
20-30 minutes
242
Congenital cataracts, Deafness, PDA
Congenital Rubella
243
Trochanteric Bursitis
Chronic, intermittent pain in grown that radiates to lateral thigh
244
Muscle biopsy of ALS
Denervation atrophy = Small angular fibers; Fiber grouping, Group atrophy, Target fibers
245
EMG of ALSO
Polyphasic or Giant motor unit potentials
246
Fibrillations vs Fasciculations
Fibrillations are from individual fibers on EMG; Fasciculations appear as ripple on surface
247
Parvovirus in adults
Mimics RA, but is transient
248
Mechanisms of AD therapy
(1) Incr ACh; (2) Anti-oxidant; (3) NMDA block
249
Donepazil
AChEsterase inhibitor
250
Memantine
NMDA antagonist for Alzheimer's
251
Primary vs secondary follicles
Primary are dense/dormant; Secondary are pale and germinal
252
LN Medullary cords vs sinuses
Cords contain B cells, plasma cells, mac's; Sinuses contain reticular cells and macrophages
253
CN III courses between what as it leaves midbrain
PCA and Superior Cerebellar arteries
254
Refsum Disease
Peroxisome alpha oxidation impaired --> CNS probs from accumulated Phyntanic acid
255
Where does Ketogenesis occur?
Mitochondria
256
CD34 stains
Endothelium
257
TGF-a
Predominantly secreted be carcinomas --> Epithelial growth stimulator
258
Back pain relieved by siting and bending forward
Spinal stenosis
259
Back pain relieved by exercise but not rest w/ prolonged morning stiffness
Ankylosing Spondylitis
260
Femoral head osteonecrosis in children
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
261
N meningitidis is most commonly treated with
Pen G
262
First line for Strep pneumo
Ceftriaxone
263
Low potency first gen anti-psychotic side effects
Anti-H, Anti-ACh, Anti-a1
264
Lesion to Anterior Medial Pons
Ipsilateral CNV; Contralateral ataxic hemiparesis
265
Only CN that decussates
Trochlear (CN IV)
266
Causes of Hyperuricemia
Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacine, Cyclosporine - Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care
267
Necrolytic Migratory Erythema + Diabetes
Glucagonoma
268
Elevated urine what in Neuroblastoma
VMA, HVA
269
Fecal mononuclear leukocytes in diarrheal illness
Salmonella Typhi
270
Vibrio cholera vs Campylobacter jejuni
V cholera grows on alkaline selective media; Campylobacter is microaerophilic and thermophilic
271
Diarrhea with peripheral eosinophilia
Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Ascaris, Toxocarna, Trichinella (not Giardia or Entamoeba)
272
Genetic Dilated CM is due to
Cytoskeletal or mitochondrial abnormalities
273
Periportal Hepatic Fibrosis
Chronic viral hepatitis
274
Methylmalonic Acidemia
Deficiency of Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase (B12)
275
Vitamin required for transamination reactions
B6
276
Kidney stones requiring high pH
Struvite, Calcium Phosphate
277
Sensation to external auditory meatus
Mostly CNV, except for posterior wall (vagus)
278
Polyol pathway
Glucose --> Sorbitol --> Fructose
279
Aldose Reductase converts sugars to
Corresponding sugar alcohols
280
E coli that doesn't ferment sorbitol or produce glucoronidase
O157:H7 shiga-toxin-producing
281
Toxins that activate Guanylate Cyclase
ETEC, Yersinia enterocolitica
282
Ustekinumab
IL-12, IL-23 (psoriasis) --> Inhibits differentiation of Th1, Th17
283
Statins plus Cholestyramine
Dose 4 hours apart
284
Innervation by Superior Laryngeal N
External --> Cryothyroid; Internal --> Sensory above vocal cords
285
Dysplasia vs Carcinoma
Reversible
286
Low vs High Grade Dysplasia
Full thickness of epithelium
287
High grade dysplasia =
Carcinoma in situ
288
Blank --> P-late Rb --> Blank
Cyclin D/CDK4, Cyclin E/CDK6 --> P-late Rb --> Releases E2F --> G1 to S
289
p27
Cell cycle inhibitor that binds cyclin-dependent kinases
290
What causes green color of pus in pneumonia
MPO from neutrophils
291
IgG4 antibodies to PLA2R in podocytes
Membranous Nephropathy
292
NOD2 mutation
Crohn's (activates NFKB)
293
Axonal reaction
Neuron 24-58 hrs after axon severed = (1) Swollen, rounded; (2) Displaced nucleus; (3) Nissl dispersed
294
Parvovirus tropism
Globoside (P antigen)
295
Ability to detect a difference when one exists
Power
296
Indicator of Mitral Regurg severity
Presence of S3
297
When does MV mid systolic click occur earlier
Decr LV volume
298
Cyclophosphamide requires blank to function
Bioactivation by 450
299
6-MP is activated by? Inactivated by?
Activated by HGPRT, Inactivated by Xanthine Oxidase
300
CMV treatment that causes seizures, hypoCa, hypoMg
Foscarnet
301
bHCG threshold
8 days serum, 14 days urine
302
Linear Regression vs Correlation Coefficienct
Correlation coefficient only produces single number describing strength and magnitude of association
303
Linear Regression vs Correlation Coefficienct
Correlation coefficient only produces single number describing strength and magnitude of association
304
Estrogen and TBG
Decreases catabolism of TBG
305
Estrogen and TBG
Decreases catabolism of TBG
306
Speed of Hb movement during electrophoresis
HbA > HbS > HbC
