Mixed Block Notes 3 Flashcards
Defect in Chediak-Higashi
Phagosome-Lysosome fusion –> Recurrent pyogenic infections with Staph and Strep
Features of Chediak-Higashi
Immunodef, Albinism, Neurologic (nystagmus, cranial neuropathies)
Phosphorylation of NRTI’s vs NNRTI’s
NRTI’s must be phosphorylated
Most important mechanism of lead poisoning
Affinity for sulfhydryl groups –> Inhibition of d-ALA dehydratase and ferrochetolase
Formation of d-ALA
Succinyl-CoA and Glycine via Pyridoxal Phosphate cofactor
Cause and manifestation of acute serum sickness
Type 3 (IC deposition) –> Fever, Pruritic skin rash, Arthralgias, Fibrinoid necrosis, Hypocomplementemia
Serum sickness can be caused by
Chimeric monoclonal Ab’s, Nonhuman Ig’s, Nonprotein drugs (eg penicillin, cefaclor, bactrim)
Osteolytic phase of Paget’s is due to excess
RANK signaling, NFKB activation
Pattern of bone in Osteoblast phase of Paget’s
Dense, hypovascular, mosaic pattern of lamellar bone with irregular, haphazardly oriented sections separated by prominent cement lines
What stimulates Inhibin B secretion
FSH stimulation of Sertoli cells
MOA of trihexyphenidyl
centrally-acting anti-muscarinic
Anti-cholinergics such as benztropine and trihexyphenidyl should be avoided in elderly patients, esp with
BPH, Angle-Closure Glaucoma
S-100 protein function
Homodimeric calcium-binding proteins, important for protein p-lation, cell growth, and differentiation
S-100 marks what cells
Neural Crest (melanocytes, Schwann), Langerhans and other dendritic
DLCO depends on
Thickness and total SA of alveolar capillary membrane, Hematocrit, Total volume of pulmonary capillary blood
DLCO in emphysema vs chronic bronchitis
Reduced in Emphysema, Normal in CB
Mechanism of Bohr effect
CO2 –> H+ and HCO3+ –> H+ binds histidine side chains of Hb –> Stabilize deoxygenated form of Hb
What happens to H+ and HCO3 in RBC from CO2
H+ binds Hb; HCO3 exchanged for Cl (Cl enters)
Which step of Glycolysis utilizes NAD+
G3P –> 1,3-BPG
When is FADH2 produced
During conversion of succinate to fumarate
Synthesis of Carnitine
Lysine + Methionine via Vit C cofactor
Citrate is formed from
Condensation of Acetyl CoA w/ OAA
Heart Failure definition
(1) Cannot pump enough blood to meet demand; or (2) Can onliy do so from elevated ventricular filling pressure
Diarrhea in pellagra results from
Columnar epithelium atrophy
NAD functions as a coenzyme for
Dehydrogenases involved in metabolism of fats, carbs, and amino acids
Niacin can be synthesized endogenously from
Tryptophan
Populations that primarily subsist on __ are prone to developing pellagra
Corn (niacin in corn is bound and unabsorbable)
Pellagra is less commonly seen in what patient populations
Carcinoid, Prolonged INH, Hartnup (more commonly in alcoholics and chronic disease)
Arginine is a precursor of
NO, Urea, Ornithine, Agmatine, Creatine
Orotic acid is a precursor of
Pyrimidine
Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is defense against
Virus, Parasite
Function of MPO
Hypochlorite from H2O2 and Chlorine
Testicular feminization syndrome =
Complete Androgen Insensitivity = Absent Wolffian and Mullerian structures
Pulmonary hypertension is usually found in patients with
Scleroderma
H1 receptors are found in
Vascular endothelium, Bronchial smooth muscle
5 important classes of meds with Anti-muscarinic effects
Atropine, TCA’s, H1 blockers, Neuroleptics, Anti-Parkinson - NATHA
MOA of Ribavirin
Nucleoside antimetabolite - (1) Lethal hypermutation, (2) Inhibit RNA polymerase and IMP DH (depleting GTP), (3) Defective 5’-cap formation on viral mRNA, (4) Modulating a more effective immune response
Bone turnover is regulated by ratio of
RANKL to OPG - incr when RANK-L high and OPG low
How does PTH activated Osteoclasts
Stimulates Osteoblasts to upregulate RANKL and secrete M-CSF –> Osteoclast maturation