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Mixed Block Notes 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Ecthyma gangrenosum is strongly associated with

A

P aeruginosa

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2
Q

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas in Ecthyma gangrenosum

A

Exotoxin A (protein synthesis), Elastase, PLC, Pyocyanin (ROS)

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3
Q

Exposure to bats or bird droppins in Ohio or Mississippi area

A

Histo (resembles tuberculosis)

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4
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide diuretic

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5
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Associated with sebaceous - entire cells secreted

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6
Q

Apocrine vs Eccrine

A

Apocrine secretes into hair follicles, Eccrine directly onto skin

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7
Q

Rapid y descent that becomes deeper and steeper during inspiration

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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8
Q

Timeline of T cell response to MTB

A

2-4 weeks after infection

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9
Q

Most dangerous complication of UC

A

Toxic Megacolon

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10
Q

Sacral micturation center

A

S2-S4 - parasympathetic fibers travel with pelvic nerves

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11
Q

Pontine Micturation Center

A

Pontine Reticular Formation

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12
Q

Medium chain acyl-CoA DH deficiency causes

A

Hypoglycemia, Hypoketonemia

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13
Q

Each round of FA beta oxidation produces

A

1 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 AcetylCoA

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14
Q

During rapid beta oxidation, the TCA cycle is overwhelmed –>

A

Shunting acetyl-CoA toward production of ketone bodies

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15
Q

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

A

RLS - first step in FA synthesis

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16
Q

Anti-cholesterol meds that should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing GB disease

A

Bile acid resins, Fibrates

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17
Q

Parvovirus binds what antigen

A

Erythrocyte P antigen

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18
Q

EBV envelope glycoprotein gp350 binds what

A

C3d complement component (CR2 or CD21)

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19
Q

Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcifications, Chorioretinitis

A

Congenital Toxo

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20
Q

What type of enzyme is telomerase

A

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RT)

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21
Q

Rifampin monotherapy

A

Exposure to H flu or N meningitidis

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22
Q

Tx of MAC

A

Macrloide + Rifampin + Ethambutol

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23
Q

Hurthle Cells

A

Hashimoto’s

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24
Q

Beta-Galactosidase

A

Lactose –> Glucose + Galactose

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25
Q

Lac operon

A

Lack of glucose increases cAMP, Presence of Lactose binds repressor

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26
Q

FFA’s and insulin resistance

A

Increase resistance, also decrease insulin secretion

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27
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Polypoid form of capillary hemangioma - Resemble hypertrophic granulation tissue

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28
Q

Cystic hygroma

A

Endothelium-lined lymph spaces beneath epidermis - Differ from cavernous hemangiomas by absence of luminal vessels

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29
Q

Liver hemangiosarcomas are associated with

A

Arsenic (pesticides), Thorotrast (contrast), Polyvinyl chloride

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30
Q

Diet recommended for PDH deficiency

A

Ketogenic (Leucine, Lysine)

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31
Q

Glucogenic AA’s

A

Methionine, Valine, Histidine (met sugary valiant hunk)

32
Q

Glucogenic/Ketogenic AA’s

A

Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, Tryptophan

33
Q

Ketogenic AA’s

A

Leucine, Lysine

34
Q

Mutation of Myelin protein gene

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (weakness of foot dorsiflexion)

35
Q

Additional manifestations of Polycythemia Vera

A

Peptic ulceration, Pruritis, Gouty arthritis

36
Q

Measure of fetal lung maturity

A

Incr ratio of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) to sphingomyelin ratio

37
Q

Primary abnormality in Paget’s

A

Excessive osteoclastic bone resorption

38
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

Urinary analgesic - provides symptomatic relief of dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency

39
Q

Ascorbic acid accelerates what reactions

A

Hydroxylation, Amidation

40
Q

Workup of all patients with gastrinoma should include

A

Serum calcium, PTH, and Pituitary hormones - MEN-1

41
Q

Anti-MTB drug that requires acidic intracellular environment

A

Pyrazinamide

42
Q

INH MOA

A

Synthesis of mycolic acid

43
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

Blocking Arabinosyl Transferase

44
Q

Segmented viruses

A

Reovirus (rota, colti), Orthomyxo, Arena, Bunya

45
Q

Excessive rise in left atrial systolic pressure (v wave) is characteristic for

A

Mitral Regurgitation

46
Q

Differentiate bone-specific ALP

A

Easily denatured by heat (bone = boil)

47
Q

Urinary hydroxyproline and deoxypyridinolin excretion

A

Osteoclast activity (most common measures), also TRAP

48
Q

Antipsychotic most notorious for causing prolonged QT

A

Ziprasidone

49
Q

Cardiac medication that can cause hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone

50
Q

Clozapine acts on what receptors

51
Q

Prevent intracelllular dehydration in sickle cell

A

Gardos channel blockers (ca-dep K channel)

52
Q

Specificity of tPA

A

Can only bind plasminogen strongly in presence of fibrin = clot-specific

53
Q

Most common elbow injury in children

A

Radial Head Subluxation = Tear of annular ligament

54
Q

Blanching of vein into which NE is being infused + induration and pallor

A

NE extravasation –> a1 vasoconstriction –> Phentolamine

55
Q

Respiratory muscarinic antagonists

A

Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Glycopyrrolate

56
Q

Eye muscarinic antagonists

A

Atropine, Homatropine, Tropicamide

57
Q

GI muscarinic antagonists

A

Hyoscyamine, Dicylomine

58
Q

GU muscarinic antagonists

A

Oxybutynin, Solifenacine, Tolterodine

59
Q

Flunisolide

A

Inhaled GC for prophylactic treatment of asthma (bronchial)

60
Q

Calcific Tendonitis

A

Deposits of calcium hydroxyaptite crystals in periarticular soft tissues (esp tendons, rotator cuff)

61
Q

Anti-EGFR Ab

62
Q

Muromonab

A

Anti-CD3 (acute rejection treatment for liver, kidney, heart)

63
Q

Most common bugs causing sepsis in sickle cell

A

Pneumococcus, H flu

64
Q

How does radiation kill cells

A

DNA ds break, ROS

65
Q

Secretin stimulates pancreas to release

A

Bicarb rich, Cl poor fluid (Cl to produce NaCl)

66
Q

High levels of what increase ESR

A

Fibrinogen stimulted by Acute Phase Reactants

67
Q

Pure Red Cell Aplasia is associated with

A

Parvo B19, Thymoma, Lymphocytic Leukemias

68
Q

Invasive Mole vs Choriocarcinoma

A

Hydropic villi and proliferated trophoblast vs Atypical cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic cells w/ foci of hemorrhage and necrosis

69
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

LV dysfunction - Beat to beat variation in magnitude of pulse pressure in presence of regular rhythm

70
Q

Dicrotic pulse

A

Two distinct peaks - Severe dystolic function

71
Q

Pulsus parvus et tardus occurs in

A

Aortic stenosis

72
Q

Hyperkinetic pulse

A

Rapid ejection of large stroke volume against decr afterload

73
Q

Paget disease of nipple

A

DCIS spreads to nipple skin without having crossed basement membrane

74
Q

Ductal dilation, Inspissated breast secretions, Chronic granulomatous inflammation in the periductal and interstitial areas

A

Mammary Duct Ectasia

75
Q

Most common benign tumor of esophagus

A

Esophageal Leiomyoma

Uworld (16 decks)

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