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Uworld > Mixed Block Notes 10 > Flashcards

Mixed Block Notes 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine MOA

A

AV node - slows conduction and decreases automaticity by hyperpolarizing cells

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2
Q

Usefulness of Methacholine challenge

A

High sensitivity, Low specificity

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3
Q

UG Sinus vs Wolffian Ducts in males

A

UG sinus = Bladder, urethra, prostate, bulbo’s; Wolffian = Epididymis, Ductus, Seminal vesicles

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4
Q

In a healthy individual, airway resistance is smallest when

A

lungs are inflated - radial traction of pulmonary tissue on conducting airways

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5
Q

Repetitive ischemia of cardiomyocytes or persistent hypoperfusion –>

A

Hibernation - Chronic but reversible loss of function

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6
Q

Myocardial stunning

A

Less severe form of ischemia-induced reversible loss of contractile function than hibernation (from brief ischemic episodes)

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7
Q

Long term lithium requires monitoring of

A

Thyroid and Renal function

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8
Q

PCWP =

A

LA EDP, which should equal LVEDP

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9
Q

Regulatory step for Pyrimidine synthesis

A

ATP, CO2, Glutamine –> Carbamoyl Phosphate

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10
Q

Treatment of Orotic Aciduria

A

Can’t for UMP, so supplement with uridine (–> UMP)

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11
Q

Presentation of Orotic Aciduria

A

Hypochromic megaloblastic anemia, Neuro, Growth

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12
Q

Hydroxyurea inhibits

A

Ribonucleotide Reductase

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13
Q

Leflunomide blocks formation of

A

Orotic Acid

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14
Q

Peptide YY

A

Ileum and Colon –> ECL –> Inhibit gastrin-stimulated histamine release from ECL’s

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15
Q

Bladder lymph drainage

A

Superior to External Iliac, Inferior to Internal

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16
Q

Traction diverticula

A

Due to inflammatino and scarring –> True (eg mediastinal lymphadenitis, periesophageal scarring)

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17
Q

Pathophys of aortic dissection from hypertension

A

Medial hypertrophy of aortic vasa vasorum –> Reduced BF for aortic media –> Medial degeneration

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18
Q

PABA esters block

A

UVB (290-320)

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19
Q

UV what is major cause of sunburn, photo-aging, and carcinogenesis

A

UVB

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20
Q

Avobenzone

A

UVAI and UVAII

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21
Q

Zinc Oxide sunscreen

A

UVB, UVAI, UVAII

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22
Q

Stomatitis in treatment of RA

A

MTX (supplement folic acid)

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23
Q

Serious potential AE of Hydroxychloroquine

A

Permanent retinal damage

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24
Q

Lack of GC’s means response to what will be limited

A

Vasopressors

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25
Q

Strong predisposing factor to Mallory Weiss

A

Hiatal hernia

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26
Q

Which MEN has marfanoid habitus

A

MEN2b

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27
Q

Which lung cancer is not surgically approached

A

Small cell

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28
Q

Primary mechanism of combination OCP’s

A

Suppression of FSH, LH (no midcycle LH spike for ovulation); Secondary mechanism is blocking sperm and preventing implantation

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29
Q

Neuro-endocrine markers

A

Neuron-specific enolase, Chromagranin, Synaptophysin

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30
Q

Vimentin is used to dx

A

Sarcoma (mesenchymal origin)

31
Q

Thrombin Time

A

Fibrinogen to Fibrin

32
Q

Chronic HTN causes what microvascular changes in brain

A

Lipohyalinosis, Microatheroma

33
Q

Lacunar infarct in Base of Pons

A

Ataxia-Hemiplegia; Dysarthria-Clumsy Hand syndrome

34
Q

Lacunar infarct in Genu of Internal Capsule

A

Dysarthria-Clumsy Hand Syndrome

35
Q

Initial presentation of Charcot Bouchard vs Lacunar Infarct

A

Charcot Bouchard would show hemorrhage on initial CT

36
Q

First sign of puberty

A

Testicular and breast enlargement

37
Q

What causes LV outflow obstruction in HCM

A

Abnormal systolic anterior motion of anterior leaflet of mitral valve toward hypertrophied IV septum

38
Q

Garlic odor after poisoning

A

Arsenic –> Dimercaprol (which itself causes nephrotoxicity and HTN)

39
Q

EDTA is used for

A

Lead and Mercury poisoning

40
Q

Well-developed smooth ER

A

Steroid-producing cells (eg adrenals, gonads, liver); Detoxification

41
Q

Most specific marker for dx of acute HepB

A

Anti-HBc IgM

42
Q

All females with Mullerian defects should undergo

A

Renal ultrasound (coexisting urologic abnormality)

43
Q

Relative speed of conduction in cardiac components

A

Purkinje > Atrial Muscle > Ventricular Muscle > AV node (Park At Ventura Avenue)

44
Q

Why do cryptorchid testes not secrete Inhibit

A

Temperature degenerates seminiferous tubules selectively

45
Q

Chronic gastritis with antral sparing vs antral-predominant

A

Autoimmune spares antrum; H pylori mostly affects antrum

46
Q

Most common bening vascular tumors in adults

A

Cherry Hemangiomas (do not regress)

47
Q

Superficial Hemangioma

A

Infantile, Capillary, Strawberry - Grow rapidly and regress

48
Q

B1 is a cofactor for

A

Pyruvate DH, a-KG DH, Transketolase

49
Q

QRS complex in exercise

A

Normally decr; If prolonged –> 1c anti-arrhythmic (use-dependent)

50
Q

Use dependence of Class III anti-arrhythmics

A

Reverse use-dependence = Slower heart rate means more QT prolongation

51
Q

Digoxin and K

A

Toxicity causes HyperK, but can be exacerbated by HypoK

52
Q

Citrullination

A

Tissue inflammation –> Arginine enzymatically converted to citrulline

53
Q

GABAa vs GABAb

A

A = Cl influx; B = GPCR (K efflux, decr Ca influx, inhibit AC)

54
Q

Clinical manifestations of Chronic Interstitial Nephritis

A

(1) Modest elevation in creatinine; (2) Evidence of tubular dysfunction - polyuria, nocturia; (3) Fanconia syndrome - Aminoaciduria, Glycosuria, Hypophosphatemia, Hypouricemia

55
Q

NSAID-associated chronic renal injury is morphologically characterized by

A

Papillary Necrosis; Chronic Interstitial Nephritis

56
Q

Myelofibrosis

A

Atypical Megakaryocytic Hyperplasia –> Activate fibroblast prolifation

57
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes - BM bx

A

BM bx shows disordered differentiation affecting all non-lymphoid lineages, Ringed siderblasts, Megaloblastoid maturation

58
Q

Myelophthisic anemia

A

Space-occupying lesion sof bone marrow - All lines affected (pancytopenia)

59
Q

Most common causes of Myelophthisic anemia

A

Infiltration by met carcinomas w/ associated fibrosis; Also granulomas

60
Q

Ergot Dopamine agonists

A

Bromocriptine, Pergolide

61
Q

Non-ergo Dopamine agonists

A

Pramipexole, Ropinirole

62
Q

CEA is a marker for

A

Colon, Pancreatic

63
Q

CA-125

A

Maligant ovarian carcinoma

64
Q

Congenital Long QT and Sensorineural deafness

A

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (AR)

65
Q

Congenital Long QT, pure cardiac

A

Romano-Ward

66
Q

Virus with lipid solubule envelope are susceptible to

A

Diethyl Ether, Chloroform, 50% trichlorofluoroethane

67
Q

Most common benign lung tumor

A

Hamartoma (Pulmonary chondroma) - Coin lesion

68
Q

Lung lesion with alveolar growth pattern along alveolar septae without fascular or stromal invasion

A

Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma

69
Q

Sporicidal compounds

A

Hydrogen Peroxide, Iodine (not alcohols or chlorhexidine, which disrupt membrane)

70
Q

Chlorhexidine works by

A

Destabilizing cell membranes and coagulating intracellular constituents

71
Q

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde work by

A

Alkylating and cross-linking DNA and proteins

72
Q

Matching is used to control

A

Confounding

73
Q

Viruses that cleave one polyprotein via protease

A

+ss linear nonsegmented RNA viruses (eg echovirus)

74
Q

BH4 is cofactor for synthesis of

A

Tyrosine, DOPA, Serotonin, NO

Uworld (16 decks)

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