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Uworld > Mixed Block Notes 8 > Flashcards

Mixed Block Notes 8 Flashcards

1
Q

46 XY with normal Leydig cells but total absence of Sertoli

A

Male external genitalia (DHT); Both Female and Male internal genitalia (need Sertoli to produce MIF)

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2
Q

Treatment of pinworm (Enterobius)

A

Albendazole

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3
Q

Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat

A

Loa Loa, Wuchereria bancrofti

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4
Q

Ivermectin is used to treat

A

Strongyloides, Onchocerciasis

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5
Q

Nifurtimox is used to treat

A

Trypanosomes, including Chagas

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6
Q

Praziquantel is used to treat

A

Schistosoma, Clonorchis, Tenia, Diphyllobothrium - Praise the SC TD

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7
Q

Don’t use colchicine in

A

Pregnancy, Renal dysfunction

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8
Q

Glucocorticoids inhibit what step of PG synthesis

A

LPA2

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9
Q

Preferred treatment of acute gouty arthritis in elderly or renal failure

A

Glucocorticoids

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10
Q

Specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase

A

Zileuton –> Inhibits LTB4, C4, D4, E4

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11
Q

Monteleukast MOA

A

LTD4 receptors

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12
Q

Stimulation of B1 receptors in heart causes what 3 effects:

A

(1) + Inotropy; (2) Weak + chronotropy; (3) Incr conduction velocity

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13
Q

FGF contributions

A

Angiogenesis, Embryonic development, Hematopoeisis, Wound repair

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14
Q

Incr LV diastolic pressure in paitent with suspect Mitral Stenosis

A

Aortic valve also dysfunctional

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15
Q

Mechanism of Ciguatoxin and Batrachotoxin

A

Binds Na channel, keeping it open –> persistent depolarization

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16
Q

Toxin that acts similarly to Tetrodotoxin

A

Saxitoxin

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17
Q

What increases solubility of cysteine

A

High pH - So risk of cystine stone with low pH

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18
Q

Cystine shares transporter with

A

Ornithine, Arginine, Lysine

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19
Q

OTC deficiency symptoms

A

Hyperammonemia, Mental retardation

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20
Q

Daptomycin is not effective in treating

A

Gram negatives; Pneumonia (surfactant)

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21
Q

Terbinafine MOA

A

Squalene Epoxidase

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22
Q

Effectiveness of Unfractionated Heparin vs LMWH

A

Unfractionated has equal activity against Factor Xa and Thrombin; LMWH has greater activity against Factor Xa than thrombin

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23
Q

How to separate Gamma hemolytic Strep’s

A

Enterococci is PYR+, Grows in bile and NaCl; Bovis is PYR-, grows in bile but not NaCl

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24
Q

How to separate Alpha hemolytic Strep

A

Viridans is Optochin resistant and Bile insoluble

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25
Q

Effect of TNFa on Insulin receptor

A

Phosphorylates serine residues of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 –> Decr activity

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26
Q

Phosphorylation of serine residues of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

A

TNFa, Catecholamins, Glucocorticoids, Glucagon –> Insulin resistance

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27
Q

Papillary Thyroid cancer histology

A

Large cells w/ overlapping nuclei, Finely dispersed chromatin, Ground glass appearance = Orphan Annie

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28
Q

Benign follicular thyroid adenoma vs carcinoma

A

Invasion of vessels or capsule

29
Q

Corneal reflex pathway

A

Nasociliary V1 –> Temporal branch of VII

30
Q

Contents of Superior Orbital Fissue

A

CN III, V1 branches, CNIV, CNVI, Superior Ophthalmic veins

31
Q

Bleeding in CKD patient

A

Uremic toxins –> Impair platelet aggregation

32
Q

HIV Bloody diarrhea - Hemorrhagic polypoidal lesions, Spindle cells with surrounding blood vessel proliferation

A

Kaposi sarcoma

33
Q

Chronic rejection of lung transplant

A

Small airways –> Bronchiolitis obliterans

34
Q

Most common cause of elevated AFP

A

Dating error - Confirm with fetal US

35
Q

Decreased Estriol on Triple Test

A

Placental insufficiency

36
Q

Retrolental fibroplasia

A

Retinopathy of prematurity - Neovascularization from hypoxia and oxygen therapy

37
Q

Serum added to mixture of cardiolipin, lecithin, cholesterol

A

Rapid Plasma Reagin test

38
Q

7a hydroxylase

A

Cholesterol –> Bile Salts

39
Q

Tholase

A

Condenses two equivalents of Acetyl-CoA to form Acetoacetyl-CoA –> Substrate for HMG CoA Reductase

40
Q

Extremely high hCG may cause

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum, Pre-eclampsia, Hyperthyroidism, Theca-lutein cysts

41
Q

Drugs that increase Lithium levels

A

Thiazides (not loops), ACEi’s, NSAIDs

42
Q

Lithium reabsorption in kidney is linked to

A

Na reabsorption

43
Q

Major AA responsible for transferring nitrogen to liver for disposal

A

Alanine

44
Q

Hepatic tumor that can regress after OCT discontinuation

A

Hepatic Adenoma

45
Q

Most common benign liver tumor

A

Cavernous Hemangioma

46
Q

Mechanism of Edema and Lethal factors (anthrax)

A

Edema = cAMP; Lethal = Protease that inhibits MAPK

47
Q

Bordatella pertussis toxins

A

Pertussis = Gi ribosylation –> cAMP; AC toxin = AC –> cAMP

48
Q

Location and symptoms of Germinomas

A

Pineal –> (1) Precocious puberty, (2) Obstructive hydrocephalus, (3) Parinaud

49
Q

Functions of Thyroid Peroxidase

A

(1) Oxidation of iodide to iodine; (2) Iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues; (3) Iodotyrosine coupling to form T3 and T4

50
Q

Anti-TPO

A

Hashimoto’s

51
Q

Chronic lymphedema is a risk for developin what skin tumor

A

Angiosarcoma

52
Q

Spongiosa filling medullary canal with no mature trabeculae

A

Osteopetrosis

53
Q

Squatting vs Passive leg raise

A

Squatting increases both Preload and Afterload, while Passive leg raise just Preload

54
Q

How to decrease MVP murmur

A

Decr LV volume, bringing valve leaflets into a more normal anatomic arrangement

55
Q

In severe MVP, the murmur becomes more

A

Holosystolic

56
Q

Histology of MVP

A

Attenuation of fibrosa (collagen) layer; Thickening of spongiosa layer thru deposition of mucoid (myxomatous) material; Thinning of collagenous core of chordae tendineae

57
Q

Chromium deficiency

A

Glucose intolerance (GLUT cofactor), Peripheral neuropathy

58
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Muscle pain and weakness, Dilated CM

59
Q

Copper deficiency

A

Microcytic anemia (ferrochetolase), Aortic dissection (elastic tissue), Poor wound healing (lysyl oxidase)

60
Q

Only bile acid that is not reabsorbed in the terminal ileum

A

Lithocholic acid

61
Q

Magnesium def

A

Hypocalcemia with Tetany, Tachycardia

62
Q

Magnesium excess

A

Neuromuscular depression, Bradycardia

63
Q

Congenital defect in Cytochrome b5 reductase

A

This reduces ferrous hb to ferric in methemoglobinemia

64
Q

Free radicals from drugs and alcohol-related fatty change affect which zone of liver

A

III

65
Q

Ubiquinated cytokeratin intermediate filament in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease

A

Mallory bodies

66
Q

Nephrocalcinosis

A

Metastatic calcification of renal tubules –> Diabetes insipidus

67
Q

Chemo regimen for Hodgkin

A

Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine

68
Q

AE of Dacarbazine

A

Azospermia

Uworld (16 decks)

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