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Mixed Block Notes 5 Flashcards

1
Q

FA vs Glucose oxidation in ATP generation and O2 use

A

FA oxidation produces more ATP, but uses more O2 per ATP

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2
Q

Receptor mediating Mydriasis

A

Alpha 1

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3
Q

Receptor mediating uterine relaxation

A

Beta 2 (tocolysis = Terbutaline, Ritodrine)

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4
Q

Mom and infant sequelae of rubella

A

Mom = Polyarthritis/Polyarthralgia; Infant = Sensorineural deafness, Cataracts, Cardiac malformations (PDA)

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5
Q

Intracellular pyrophophate granules in a bug

A

C diph (methylene blue staining)

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6
Q

Conus Medullaris Syndrome

A

L2 lesion = Flaccid paralysis of bladder and rectum, impotence, saddle anesthesia

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7
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

Radiating back pain, Saddle anesthesia, Loss of anocutaneous reflex, Bowel and bladder dysfunction, Loss of ankle-jerk reflex w/ plantar flexion weakness

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8
Q

Saddle anesthesia and Loss of anocutaneous reflex =

A

S2-S4 lesion (cauda equina syndrome)

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9
Q

Danazol MOA

A

Synthetic androgen for endometriosis and hereditary angioedema

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10
Q

Mifepristone MOA

A

Synthetic steroid with anti-progestin and anti-glucocorticoid effects

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11
Q

Mitotane MOA

A

Adrenocorticolytic used primarily for adrenocortical carcinoma

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12
Q

Maintenance Dose =

A

Cpss x CL / [Bioavailability fraction]

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13
Q

Half life =

A

(Vd x 0.7) / CL

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14
Q

Loading Dose =

A

(Vd x Cpss) / [Bioavailability Fraction]

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15
Q

Methoxamine MOA

A

Selective a1 agonist

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16
Q

a2 activation effects

A

Decr insulin, Decr lipolysis, Decr aqueous humor production, Incr Platelet Aggregation

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17
Q

b1 activaiton effects

A

HR/Contractility, Incr Renin and Lipolysis

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18
Q

b2 activation effects

A

Vasodilation/Bronchodilation; Incr Lipolysis and Insulin; Decr uterine tone; Ciliary muscle relaxation and acqueous humor production

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19
Q

Recurrent kidney stones in young patient indicates

A

Inborn error of metabolism

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20
Q

Sodium Cyanide-Nitroprusside test

A

Detects presence of (sulfhydryl groups) urine cystine (converts cystine to cysteine and nitroprusside binds to make purple)

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21
Q

Treatment of Cystinuria

A

Hydration and Alkalinization of urine

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22
Q

Microscopic finding of irreversible cardiac ischemic injury

A

Vacuoles and Phospholipid-containing amorphous densities w/in mitochondria

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23
Q

Glandular epithelial changes from Proliferative to Secretory stages in endometrium

A

Pseudostratified, elongated, mitotically active epithelial cells –> Acquire large cytoplasmic vacuoles

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24
Q

Features that differentiate LEMS from MG

A

Hypo/areflexia, Autonomic symptoms, Classic incremental response to repetitive stimuli

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25
Q

Pyruvate Carboxylase activity is increased by

A

Acetyl-CoA

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26
Q

Citrate is a regulator of

A

Positive regulator of AcCoA Carboxylase, F-1,6-BP; Negative of PFK1 and 2 (inhibiting glycolysis)

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27
Q

Narcolepsy with Cataplexy is most often caused by

A

Lack of Hypocretin 1/2 (Orexin A/B) from Lateral Hypothalamus

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28
Q

Elevatd 14-3- protein in CSF

A

CJD

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29
Q

Low CSF 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid

A

Impulsive, destructive behaviors

30
Q

How to differentiate syphillis from other spirochetes on darkfield

31
Q

H ducreyi requires what in culture

A

Factor X (like H flu)

32
Q

Fever and sore throat in pt with hyperthyroidism being treated

A

AGRANULOCYTOSIS

33
Q

Arthralgias with PTU

A

50% develop ANCA, some develop arthralgias and glomerulonephritis

34
Q

Abdominal pain, distension, fever, diarrhea, shock in Ulcerative Colitis

A

Possibility of Toxic Megacolon

35
Q

Alveolar proteases (eg. elastase) are produced by

A

Macrophages and PMNs

36
Q

Acute Hypotension, Tachycardia, Elevated CVP (JVD) with Pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac Tamponade

37
Q

Reid Index

A

Chronic Bronchitis –> Ratio of Gland thickness to total thickness of wall between epithelium and cartilage

38
Q

When not to use Probenicid for Hyperuricemia

A

Poor renal function, Risk for uric acid stones or uric acid nephropathy

39
Q

MOA of Rasburicase

A

Urate Oxidase: Uric Acid –> Allantoin

40
Q

CHOP therapy is for

A

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

41
Q

Herpesvirus drug that doesn’t require viral kinase

A

Cidofovir, Foscarnet

42
Q

Peritrichious Flagella

A

Characteristic of highly motile organisms such as Proteus mirabilis

43
Q

“serpentine” or “medusa head” chains on microscopy

A

B anthracis

44
Q

How does tetanus toxin causes paralysis

A

Wound –> Motor Neuron Axons –> Spinal Cord –> Inhibits inhibitory motor neuron

45
Q

Features of Edwards Syndrome

A

Rocker bottom, Micrognathia, Low set ears, Clenched hands, Prominent Occiput, ASD/VSD, Omphalocele, Horeshoe kidney

46
Q

Features of Patau Syndrome

A

Microcephaly, Holoprosencephaly, Microphtalmia, Polydactyly, Cleft lip/palate, Rocker bottom feet, Cystic kidneys, VSD

47
Q

Methods of Isoniazid resistance

A

(1) Decr expression of catalase-peroxidase enzyme necessary for activation; (2) Modification of protein binding site

48
Q

Rheumatic aortic disease usually produces

A

Combined AS and Aortic Regurgitation

49
Q

Acanthocytes indicate

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

50
Q

Which genes play major role in Type 1 DM

A

HLA-DQ and DR

51
Q

Pancreatic islet amyloid deposition is seen in

A

Type 2 DM (universal)

52
Q

Dose effects of dopamine

A

Low = D1 + B1; High = D1 + B1 + A1

53
Q

Sensory innervation of Deep Fibular Nerve

A

Between first and second toes

54
Q

Trauma or sustained pressure (cast) to the neck of the fibular

A

Injury to the common peroneal nerve

55
Q

Basophil granules contain

A

Heparin, Histamine, SRS-A

56
Q

What activates ALA synthase

A

CYP inducers, Barbiturates, Anti-epileptics, EtOH, Smoking

57
Q

What inhibits ALA synthase

A

Heme, Glucose

58
Q

Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG is increased in

A

Hypoxia, Chronic Anemia

59
Q

Babesiosis

A

Malaria-like illness w/ prediliction for asplenic patients

60
Q

Toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent causes

A

flu-like illness

61
Q

Brucellosis causes

A

Fever, malaise, LAD, HSM

62
Q

Childreen 1-3 with gingivostomatitis characterized with intranuclear inclusions

63
Q

MOA of Mesna

A

Binds Acrolein (toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide)

64
Q

Atypical Depression

A

Improvement in mood in response to something positive

65
Q

MAOi’s are used for

A

Atypical Depression, Anxiety, Refractory

66
Q

Jejunal, Ileal, and Colonic Atresia are caused by

A

Vascular accidents in utero, NOT abnormal fetal development

67
Q

Presentation of Follicular Lymphoma

A

Indolent course, Painless lymph node enlargement or abdominal discomfort from abdominal mass

68
Q

Presentation of Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

A

Aggressive –> Large LN or extranodal mass (oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue and GI tract commonly involved)

69
Q

Presentation of Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

Splenomegaly, Pancytopenia in older men

70
Q

DNA Polymerase I vs III

A

I has 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (removes RNA primer, performs repair of damage), 5’ to 3’ polymerase activity, and 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity; III performs bulk of replication

Uworld (16 decks)

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