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Mixed Block Notes 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Nomal post-void residual volume

A

50cc

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2
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Anti-muscarinic for urge incontinence

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3
Q

Histology of Hep B vs C

A

B = Ballooning, Necrosis, Portal inflammation, GROUND GLASS; C = Lymphoid aggregates w/in portal tracts, Focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis

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4
Q

Most common meds that cause ED other than SSRIs

A

Clonidine, Methyldopa, BB’s

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5
Q

COMT inhibitors vs Carbidopa

A

Both peripheral work peripherally; Carbidopa on DOPA decarboxylase

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6
Q

Entacapone vs Tolcapone

A

Entacapone is peripheral only (can’t Enter the CNS); Tolcapone associated with haptotoxicity

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7
Q

MOA of Ropinerole

A

DA agonist

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8
Q

Carrier vs Channel proteins

A

Carrier proteins undergo conformational changes as substrate is transported

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9
Q

Uptake of cholesterol occurs via

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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10
Q

Transport of Glucose by Glut4 is

A

Carrier-mediated transport (co-transport in GI tract, renal tubule)

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11
Q

Blank requirements are lower in adrenal insufficiency

A

Insulin

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12
Q

Chloride in primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Increased to maintain electroneutrality of extracellular fluid

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13
Q

Secondary/Tertiary adrenal insufficency vs primary

A

Can still release aldosterone in response to AgII –> No electrolyte

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14
Q

Isolated hyperkalemia can be caused by

A

Insulin deficiency; Diet; Cell lysis; B1 antagonists

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15
Q

Side effects of Flutamide

A

Hot flashes, Gynecomastia, Impotence (androgen depletion)

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16
Q

GnRH agonists

A

Leuprolide, Goserelin, Nafarelin, Histrelin

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17
Q

Cyproterone MOA

A

Androgen receptor blocker (like Flutamide)

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18
Q

IL-2 is approved for treatment of

A

RCC, Melanoma

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19
Q

Translocation is catalyzed by blank and requires blank

A

EF2, GTP hydrolysis

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20
Q

Type of anemia in beta thal minor

A

Hypochromic, microcytic

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21
Q

Most common cell type in pituitary

A

Somatotroph

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22
Q

How to prevent HSV2 recurrences

A

Daily treatment with Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir

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23
Q

Close contact prophylaxis for Hep A

A

Ig, Vaccine for high risk

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24
Q

Vaginal Adenosis

A

Glandular metaplasia due to DES –> Clear cell adenocarcinoma

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25
Blutn Aortic Injury ocurs most often at
Isthmus (attched to Ligamentum Arteriosum)
26
Fall on outstretched, dorsiflexed hand
Lunate discloation
27
Onset of Otosclerosis
middle age
28
AE's of Ganciclovir
Pancytopenias, Renal
29
Major AE of Zidovudine
BM suppression
30
Foscarnet AE
Electrolytes, Renal
31
AE's common to all NNRTI's
Rash/SJS, Hepatotoxicity
32
MOA of Nitroglycerin
Dilate large veins --> Decr preload
33
Primary site of hormonal regulation of systemic BP
Small arteries and arterioles
34
Control of precapillary sphincters
NE, Epi, Local regulators
35
Rhabditiform Larvae in stool
Strongyloides --> Ivermectin
36
Parasite eggs in stool
Schistosoma mansoni or japonicum --> Praziquantel
37
Proglottids in stool
Tapeworms = Taenia, Diphyllobothrium
38
Trophozoites and Cysts in stool
Protozoa = Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica
39
Strongyloides infection
Skin penetration --> Alveoli --> Pharynx --> Intestine --> Autoinfection
40
a-Glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose, Miglitol
41
Th in Cronhn's vs UC
Th1 in Crohn's, Th2 in UC
42
First 5 years of diabetic nephropathy
Glomerular hypertrophy, Increase GFR!
43
Gouty nephropathy
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
44
First line for Wilson's
Penicillamine, Trientene
45
Vitamin store longevity for A, D, Folate, B12
A for 6 months, D for 3 months, Folate for 3 monts, B12 for 3-4 years
46
Storage of water soluble vitamins
All flushed easily except folate and B12
47
Anti-psychotics more likely to cause anti-cholinergic effects
Traditional low-potency (eg chlorpromazine, thiordazine)
48
Alleviation of negative symptoms of schizophrenia is thought to be due to
Inhibition of 5-HT2a (atypical anti-psychotics)
49
Common symptoms for sickle cell traint
Hematuria, Inability to concentrate urine
50
Lab indications of sickle cell trait
sickling test positive, all else negative
51
Dubin-Johson = absence of
MRP2
52
Deconjugation of bile acids
Anaerobes, S aureus --> Less soluble --> Less able to form miscelles --> Lipid malabsorption
53
Lower border of parietal pleura
7th --> 10th --> 12th
54
Where should thoracentesis be performed
5-7 (midclavicular) --> 7-9 (midaxillary) --> 9-11 (paravertebral)
55
Unlike ACh, Succinylcholine is not
degraded by AChEsterases
56
Succinylcholine Phase 1 vs 2
1 is depolarized, 2 is non-depolarized
57
Relaxant for intubation --> Hyperkalemia
Succinylcholine
58
AE's of Succinylcholine
(1) Malignant hyperthermia; (2) Severe hyperkalemia; (3) Bradycardia
59
Who gets hyperkalemia with Succinylcholine
Burns, Myopathies, Crush injuries, Denervation
60
Atracurium releases
Histamine --> Fall in BP, Bronchoconstriction
61
Sensory from inner tympanic membrane, eustachian tube
CN IX
62
Noninfective envelope glycoprotein that forms spheres and tubules 22 nm in diameter
HBsAg
63
Milrinone
PDE 3 inhbitor --> Incr cAMP --> Ca conductance --> + Inotropy
64
Dipyridamole, Cilostazol
Decr platelet PDE --> Incr cAMP --> Decr platelet aggregation; Cilastazol also directly vasodilates
65
Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel MOA
Block ADP receptor --> Decr Gp Iib/IIIc receptor
66
Ingestion of undercooked shellfish
V cholera, Norwalk virus, Hep A
67
VPM receives input from
Superior Olivary Nucleus, Inferior Colliculus of Pons
68
Subacute Cerebellar Degeneration
Small cell, Female repo cancers --> Anti-Yo, -P/Q, -Hu --> Cross-react with cerebellar purkinje neurons
69
Post-viral Cerebellar Ataxia
Within 3 weeks of Varicella, Measles, EBV in children --> Self-resolving
70
Clinical associations with Adenocarcinoma
Clubbing, Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
71
Location and clinical associations with Large cell carcinoma of lung
Peripheral; Gynecomastia, Galactorrhea
72
Carcinoid syndrome is associated with decreased
Niacin
73
Liver histology Reye's syndrome
Microvesicular steatosis w/out inflammation
74
Most adults in US with Anti-HAV IgG
Have never experience icteric illness
75
Icterus in HAV infection depends on
Age (children typically anicteric)
76
Petechiae, Purpura, Ecchymoses
Pupurua 5mm to 1cm

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