UTS LESSON1 Flashcards
study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquires that involves in answering questions regarding nature and existence of man and the world we live in
Philosophy
It is defined as unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness and agency.
Self
First martyr of education, knowledge and philosophy, underlies in the importance of the notion “knowing oneself”. A person’s acceptance of ignorance is the beginning of acquisition of knowledge. But possession of knowledge is a virtue
Socrates
asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and draw out ideas and underlying presumptions
Socratic Methods
what is the goal of life of men according to socrates
Happiness
He is a student of Socrates that is the reason he followed the idea of Socrates in
knowing thyself. He was called the Father of academy (a place where learning and sharing of
knowledge happens;
PLATO
courageous part of a person. One who wants to do something or to right
the wrongs that they observe. This is very competitive and is very active. Competitiveness
drives one to expect positive results and winning.
Spirited soul
the part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy
oneself. This satisfaction involves physical needs, pleasures and desires, objects, and
situations
Appetitive sou
the drive of our lives. The part that thinks and plan for the future (the
conscious mind). It decides what to do, when to do it and the possible results one could
have depending on their actions.
Rational soul
A saint and a philosopher of the church. He follows the idea that God
encompasses us all, that everything will be better if we are with God. He believed that God and
his teachings affects various aspects in life (that everything is better if we devote ourselves in
mending our relationship with God). His idea of a man and how to understand who we are as a
person is related to our understanding of who we are and how we question
ST. AUGUSTINE
French philosopher known to be the father of modern philosophy
because of his radical use of systematic and early scientific method to aid his ideas and
assumptions. He believed in modern dualism or the existence of body and mind and its
importance to one’s existence were presented with the evidences from experiments as well as
philosophical reasoning.
RENE DESCARTES
(continuous process of
questioning) doubting, asking questions are part of one’s existence.
methodical doubt
An English philosopher and physician. He is the Father of Classical Liberation.
His works paved the way to several revolutions to fight the absolute powers of monarchs and
rulers of his time that led to the development of governance, politics, and economic system that
we now know. He works on the self is most represented by the concept “tabula rasa” (blank slate).
JOHN LOCKE
A Scottish philosopher. He focused his work in the field of empiricism,
skepticism, and naturalism. He explained that the Self is the accumulation of different impressions
and does not exceed the physical realm. For him, there is no permanent self because impressions
of things are based from our experiences where we can create our ideas and knowledge. Thus,
it may improve or totally be replaced
DAVID HUME
A German philosopher that is known for his works on empiricism and
rationalism. He established that the collection of impressions and different contents is what it only
takes to define a person. He believes that the awareness of different emotions that we have,
impressions and behavior is only a part of ourselves.
IMMANUEL KANT
An Austrian psychologist and physician. The Father of psychoanalysis.
Freud is well known for his work on human nature and the unconscious. He believed that man has different constructs of personality.
SIGMUND FREUD
the child aspect of a person; attention is on satisfaction of one’s needs and self-
gratification. Driven by pleasure principle.
Id
the conscience of one’s personality. Has the inclination to uphold justice
and do what is morally right and socially acceptable actions. Involved in the notion of right
or wrong that is imparted to us by our parents or people that took care for us during
childhood
Super ego
police or the mediator between id and super ego. Operates within the boundaries
of reality, primary function is to maintain the impulses of the id to an acceptable degree.
Ego
where minority of our memories are being stored and the memories that
are in the conscious is easier to be to be tapped or accessed
Conscious
the middle part of the entirety of our consciousness; the memories
stored in this area can still be accessed but with a little difficulty
Pre-conscious
this area is where majority of our memories since childhood are deeply
stored. It is very difficult to tap the memories. It would need a trained professional and
several special techniques in order to make some memories resurface
Unconscious
He used behavioristic approach to self. According to him, self is the behavior
presented by the person. The behavior that we show, emotions, and actions are the reflection of
our mind and as such is the manifestation of who we are. He does not believe that the mind and
body are two separate entities which is said to be evident in the unexplainable phenomenon or
abilities of the mind where the soul is considered; however, to some they can co-exist.
He explained that the self is exemplified in his “ghost in the machine” view (man is a
complex machine with different functioning parts, and the intelligence, and other characteristic or
behavior of man is represented by the ghost in the said machine. His idea is saying that the things
that we do, how we behave and react and all other components like the way we talk, walk and
look is generally who we are as a person
GILBERT RYLE
- A Canadian philosopher whose focus is on the idea that people should
improve our association and use of worth in identifying the self.
PAUL CHURCHLAND
A French philosopher. He is known for his
works on existentialism and phenomenology. He coined the idea of phenomenology of perception
(unity of the function of the mind and the body) which is divided into three division. Merleau-Ponty
regarded that the body and mind are not separate entities but rather those two components is
Ipinadala mo
one and the same. His idea of perception follows the idea of Gestalt psychology (gives importance
on the whole rather than the sum of its parts). The perception guides our action based from our
experiences. The body perceives while our consciousness provides the meaning or interprets the
various perception we have in the world and the self could be established by the perceptions we
have in the world. One’s actions, behavior and language used could be said to be the reflection
of our united perception of the world.
MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MERLEAU-PONTY
The most eminent 13th century scholar and stalwart of the medieval
philosophy, appended something to this Christian view. He explained that Man is composed of
two parts: Matter or hyle in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the
universe.” and Form or morphe in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing”.
THOMAS AQUINAS
