UTS LESSON 4 Flashcards
delves in the Physiological having to with an
organism’s physical processes and the Cognitive having to
do with an organism’s thinking. Learning
Psychology
It is derived from two Greek words,
, psyche meaning soul/mind; and logos meaning study”.
is the “sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals (Jhangiani and
Tarry 2014).”
SELF”
oncept of an individual about himself and often referred to as “self-identity”
Identity
is the belief of what the individuals thinks and feels about him. And can
also be influenced by how others perceive an individual
Self-identity
is a continuous process throughout the lifespan; one’s sense of self
may change, at least somewhat, throughout one’s life.
Self-development
has important implications for socio-emotional functioning
throughout the lifespan.
Self-representation
was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized
the self as having 2 aspects - the “I” and the “me”.
William James
is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others
I
—-theory of personality also used the same terms like William James.
According to his theory, the “I” as the one who acts and decides while the “me” is what you think
or feel about yourself as an object.
CARL ROGERS
Is the organized set of
attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
ME
is our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are. It may also
include our interests, work, course, age, name, and physical characteristics.
Self-schema
sometimes referred to as “UPR”, is a term attributed to Carl
Rogers, the creator of person-centered counseling and one of the founders of humanistic
therapy. UPR refers to accepting and supporting another exactly as they are, without evaluating
or judging them.
Unconditional positive regard
concept of an individual about himself and often referred to as “self-identity” or the self-
belief of what the individuals thinks and feels about himself. And can also be influenced by how
others perceive an individual
Identity
are also part of his identity. (E.g. birth order in the family, nature of work, occupation or
title, academic and social standing)
Roles-
The concept that you are unique/different from others (Persian poet
RUMI pondered, “Who am I in the midst of all this thought traffic?”), Subjective (I).
The existential self
concept (and the concept of others) tends to focus on his or her
own visible characteristics, Objective (ME).
The Categorical self-
The real self is WHO WE ACTUALLY ARE. It is HOW WE THINK, HOW WE FEEL, LOOK,
AND ACT.
Self-Concept
who you are at the moment (e.g. - as a student you are interested
in basketball but academically challenge in most of your subjects), Self image includes:
Physical description, Social Roles, Personal traits, existential statements
Self-Image(Real Self)
who you like to be (e.g.- to practice more and play with the varsity team) is
how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on
what we have learned and experienced. Could include components of what our parents
have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think
is in our best interest.
Ideal Self-
who you think you should be (e.g. - to pass your
subjects as a responsible student) Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great
impact on our SELF-ESTEEM, one of the common concepts associated with the “self. It
is defined as our own positive and negative perception or evaluation of ourselves.
Ought Self (Self-Esteem/Self-worth) -
refers to the need for personal growth and development throughout one’s
life. It is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which was developed by psychologist
Abraham Maslow. Once you are self-actualized, you’ve met your full potential as an individual.
Self-actualization
refers to the extent to which we like, accept, or approve of
ourselves; or how much we value ourselves. Self-esteem always involves a degree of evaluation,
and we may have either a positive or a negative view of ourselves
Self-Esteem and Self-Worth
One of the ways in which our social relationship affects our self-esteem is through social
comparison. According to the Social Comparison Theory, we learn about ourselves, the
appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves
with other people.
Social Comparison Theory
is the more common type of comparing ourselves with
others. We create a positive self-concept by comparing ourselves with those who are
worse off than us. By having the advantage, we can raise our self-esteem.
Downward Social Comparison
comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.
While it can be a form of motivation for some, a lot of those who do this actually felt lower
self-esteem as they highlight more of their weakness or inequities.
Upward Social Comparison
your internal standards and private thoughts and feelings
The Private self
-public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of
yourself to others.
The Public self
is when self-awareness can be too much that we are concerned
about being observed and criticized by others
Self-consciousness
was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, the clinical
method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
Psychoanalysis is a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts
based on the free associations, dreams and fantasies of the patient.
SIGMUND FREUD
