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Year2 Repro exam I > Uterus path I > Flashcards

Uterus path I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 phases of menstrual cycle

A

follicular and luteal

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2
Q

what does endometrium look like in proliferative phase

A

simple tubules with mitoses because of E

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3
Q

what does Endometrium look like in early secretory phas

A

subnuclear vacuoles because of P

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4
Q

what does endometrium look like in mid secretory phase

A

periarteriolar decidual phase

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5
Q

what does endometriuml ook like in late secretory phase

A

inflammatory cells

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6
Q

what will endometrium look like in menstrual phase

A

stromal breakdown, hemorrhage

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7
Q

“aria stella” appearance of endometrium

A

pregnancy, hyperseceretoy

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8
Q

what defines oligomenorrhea

A

intervals greater than 35 days

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9
Q

what defines polymenorrhea

A

intervals less than 24 days

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10
Q

what defines menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding with normal intervals

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11
Q

what is metorrhagia

A

excessive flow and duration at irregular intervals

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12
Q

what is menometrorrhagia

A

irregular menses mmr

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13
Q

most common cause of an anovulatory cycle in repro age

A

unnoposed E

can be obesity, malnutrition, intesnse athletes

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14
Q

what can cause abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding
anovulatory cycle
irregular shedding
carcinoma, hyperplasia, polyps

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15
Q

what can cause abnormal uterine bleeding in post menopausal owmen

A

endometrial atrophy

carcinoma, hyperplasia, polyps

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16
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding is what type of Dx

A

by exclusion

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17
Q

why do anovulatory cycles cause bleeding

A

increased unopposed E causes endometrium to break down with bleeding
Bx shows irregular dilated glands and stromal breakdown

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18
Q

what causes inadequate luteal phase

A

abnormal corpus luteum function gives low P in secretory phase

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19
Q

presentation of inadequate luteal phase

A

infertility with menorrhagia or amenorrhea

20
Q

what is Bx of endometrium show in inadequate luteal phase

A

histo date >2 days behind the clinical date of menstrual cycle

21
Q

what will Bs show in acute endometritis

A

neutros

22
Q

what type of bacteria cause acute endometritis

A

vaginal bacteria like Strep Group A and staph

arise after delivery or miscarriage

23
Q

Tx for acute endometritis

A

curetting the endometrial cavity to remove fragments or otherwise broad spectrum antibiotics

24
Q

Bx look like in chronic endometritis

A

plasma cells

25
Q

what can cause chronic endometritis

A

chronic PID
retained products of conception
IUD
TB

26
Q

presentation chronic endometritis

A

metromenorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pain, infertility

27
Q

what do plasma cells look like on histo

A

nucleus is at the edge not center

there is a clear huff around the nucleus

28
Q

what is endometriosis

A

presence of endometrial tissue outside uterus

29
Q

what is adenomyosis

A

presence of endometrial tissue in the myometrium

30
Q

if there is a discrete mass in the myometrium what is this called

A

adenomyoma

31
Q

most common locations for endometriosis

A

ovaries>uterine ligaments>rectovaginal septum? cul de sac? pelvic peritoneum > bowel >genitalia etc can occur on lapartomy scars

32
Q

Sx of endometriosis

A

infertility: cyclic dysmenorrhea, cyclic pelvic pain, scarring of involved orgains dyspareunia

33
Q

what are the 3 theories of endometriosis

A

metastatc or regurgitation theory: implantation of menstrual tissue
metaplastic: arise from mesothelium- mullerian origin
extrauterine stem/progenitor cell: bone marrow stem, progenitors differentiate into endometrial tissue

34
Q

endometriosis increases risk 3x for what

A

ovarian cancer, clear cell types

PTEN and ARID1A

35
Q

what is a “chocolate cyst”

A

old black blood in ovarian cyst

36
Q

what is an endometrial polyp

A

benign endometrial polyp
pedunculate or sessile
presents with bleeding
Surgery

37
Q

what is endometrial hyperplasia

A

increased proliferation of endometrial glands relative to stroma

38
Q

Dx endometrial hyperplasia in patient, want to monitor for what in future

A

endometrial carcinoma because has strong relationship

39
Q

what can cause endometrial hyperplasia

A

prolonged E stimulation

obesity, menopause, PCOD, stein-leventhal syndrome, granulosa cell tumors of ovary, E replacement therapy

40
Q

What is EIN

A

endometrial intraepithelial neoplasm

complex hyperplasia with atypia

41
Q

what type of mutation occurs with endometrial hyperplasia that is associated with the carcinomas

A

inactivation of PTEN tumor suppressor gene on 10q23

42
Q

Cowden syndrome

A

germline mutation of PTEN that has high incidence of endometrial CA

43
Q

what happens downstream from loss of PTEN

A

activation PI3K-AKT promoting cell death

44
Q

warburg effect

A

cancers use aerobic glycolysis, increase uptake of glucose

certain factors like cMYC deregulate metabolic pathways

45
Q

what pattern of endothellial hyperplasia is associated with adenocarcinom

A

disorderd proliferative pattern: from anovulutaory cycles

Year2 Repro exam I (19 decks)

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