Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year2 Repro exam I > Cervix path I > Flashcards

Cervix path I Flashcards

1
Q

what can cause abnormal bleeding that originates from cervix

A 
DUB
endometritis
benign growths (polyps, adenomyoma)
hyperplasia
neoplasias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the premalignant neoplasms of the cervix

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasms

adenocarcinoma in situ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the cancers of the cervix

A

invasive SCC

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when is there eversion of the cervical os and what is this

A

puberty and pregnancy

when the endocervical epithelium is on external os (exposed to vagina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what will the squamocolumnar junction look like in a post adolescent

A

squamous metaplasia of the endocervix epithelium creates transition zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when is there inversion of the cervical os and what is it

A

inversion= transformation zone moves into the endocervical canal and not seen on exam
post menopausal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens if you add acetic acid to biopsy from cervix and it turns white

A

HPV infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

darker cells on H&E stain means what

A

more turnover, mitoses, mitochondria etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is role of lactobacilli in cervix and uterus

A

produce vaginal pH <4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can cause loss of acidocis in cervix

A

bleeding, intercourse, douching, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loss of acidosis in cervix can lead to what

A

loss of normal flora and overgrowth of other bacteria- cervicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what specific infections can cause cervicitis

A

gonorrhea
chlamydia
mycoplasma
HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can cervicitis cause

A

abnormal pap because of squamous mucosa changes which result in atypia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is problem with atypia from cervicitis

A

hard to differentiate atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance from reactive atypical cells that could be dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what will chlamydia cause in men

A

white discharge with or without pain, swollen painful testicle, epididymis, prostatitis, reactive arthritis, reiters syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what will chlamydia cause in women

A

usually asymptomatic, PID or ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can happen to pregnant mother with chlamydia infection

A

spontaneous abortions, premature birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what can chlamydia cause in neonate birthed from mom who was infected

A

conjuntivitis, pneumonia, blindess

presents 1 wk post delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what will cervix looks like if had chlamydia for a while

A

reddened transformation zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

micro of swap from cervix shows inflammatory debris, multinucleated cells with intra-nuclear “Ground glass” viral inclusions

A

herpes

21
Q

thayer martin

A

gonorrhea

22
Q

what is a sessile polyp

A

broad based polyp

23
Q

what is a pedunculated polyp

A

polyp on a stalk

24
Q

what Sx can an endocervical polyp cause

A

spotting of blood

25
Q

what is a nabothian cyst

A

endocervical gland filling with mucus

26
Q

what are host factors for HPV infetion

A 
young at first age intercourse
multiple sexual partners
male partner with multiple partners
immunosuppression
use of BCPs
smoking
27
Q

HPV can only infect what cells

A

immature squamous cells

only can replicate in maturing squamous cells

28
Q

what tumorogenic proteins does HPV code for

A

viral E6 and viral E7

29
Q

What does E6 do

A

binds tumor suppressor p53 protein and inactivates it

30
Q

what does E7 do

A

binds Rb protein preventing it from binding up E2F. free E2F binds promoters like c-myc stimulating cells to enter the cell cycle

31
Q

how can HPV lead to cancer

A

inserts into DNA

E6 E7 oncoproteins

32
Q

HPV squamous cancer is also seen where in the body

A

waldeyers ring of oropharynx, anus, penis, vulva and vagina

33
Q

what is synonymous to low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion LSIL

A

CIN I, mild dysplasia

34
Q

what Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasms are considered high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion HSIL

A

CIN II III and CINIII/CIS

35
Q

course of action for CIN II or III

A

biopsy

cone

36
Q

1/3 squamous epithelium has enlarged nuclei, what stage is this

A

CIN I

37
Q

ki-67 is a marker for what

A

cell proliferation

38
Q

p16 is what and how does HPV escape it

A

cell cycle regulator (cyclin kinase inhibitor)

despite high levels, HPV infected cells proliferate because target of p16 (RB) is inactivated by E7

39
Q

90% cervical dysplasia will do what over 2 years

A

regress

40
Q

abnormal pap requires what follow up

A

colposcopy and cervical biopsy

41
Q

what are methods to remove dysplastic tissue

A

cryotherapy
electrocautery
topical 5-fluoruracil
conization

42
Q

what age is recommended to ahve pap

A

21 or sooner if sexually active

43
Q

at what age are pap smears usually discontinued

A

65

44
Q

what is a cold cone biopsy

A

large area is excised for examination

45
Q

why is cone biopsy the best way to definitively check for cancer

A

glandular cells become neoplastic

46
Q

if there is invasion of the endocervix of cancer what is best step

A

hysterectomy

47
Q

80% cervical cancer is what type

A

SCC

48
Q

second most common cervical cancer type

A

adeno

49
Q

peak incidence of invasive cervical CA

A

45 y.o

Year2 Repro exam I (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions