Uterine Pathology

Question 1

The 3 types of congenital anomalies of the uterus

Answer 1

• arrested development
• failure of fusion
• failure of resorption

Question 2

Unicornuate uterus

Answer 2

Arrested development

Question 3

Bicornuate and uterine didelphys

Answer 3

Failure of fusion

Question 4

Septate and sub septate

Answer 4

Failure of resorption

Question 5

Partial vagina only, cervix, upper vagina and uterus are missing

Answer 5

MRKH syndrome

Question 6

When the uterus descends down the vagina

Answer 6

Prolapsed uterus

Question 7

Endometrial lining is replaced by fibrous adhesions

Answer 7

Asherman’s syndrome

Question 8

A form of asherman’s where there is a scar on the uterine lining

Answer 8

Synechiae

Question 9

This malformation causes menorrhagia and is difficult to see until you use doppler

Answer 9

Arteriovenous malformation (AV)

Question 10

Multiplication of abnormal cells, can be malignant or benign

Answer 10

Neoplasia

Question 11

Thick, hyperechoic endometrium either focal or diffuse that causes irregular bleeding just after menarche or before menopause

Answer 11

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 12

Endometrium measuring 7-14mm

Answer 12

Secretory

Question 13

Endometrium measuring 4-8mm

Answer 13

Proliferative

Question 14

Post menopausal endometrium >5mm

Answer 14

Abnormal

Question 15

What phase in the menstrual cycle should be scanned when investigating for endometrial hyperplasia?

Answer 15

Early proliferative

Question 16

Endometrial growth extending into the canal from a stalk

Answer 16

Endometrial polyps

Question 17

Extension of endometrial tissue into the myometrium, usually in the posterior wall

Answer 17

Adenomyosis

Question 18

How can you differentiate between uterine varices and ovaries?

Answer 18

Colour doppler

Question 19

Inflammation of the endometrium

Answer 19

Endometritis

Question 20

Most common tumour in the female pelvis

Answer 20

Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Question 21

Benign neoplastic mass of fibromuscular tissue

Answer 21

Leiomyoma (fibroids)

Question 22

Malignant fibroid

Answer 22

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 23

Fibroids confined to the myometrium, also the most common.

Answer 23

Intramural

Question 24

Fibroids projecting into the uterine cavity

Answer 24

Submucosal

Question 25

Fibroids that project from perimetrium

Answer 25

Subserosal

Question 26

Hypoechoic with high attenuation, overall enlarged uterus with an irregular contour, calcification present in older patients

Answer 26

Sonographic appearance of fibroids

Question 27

Lipocytes and fibromuscular tissue

Answer 27

Lipoleiomyoma

Question 28

Leiomyosarcoma and endometrial carcinoma

Answer 28

Malignant uterine neoplasia

Question 29

Rare, may arise from a pre-existing fibroid with the same symptoms as fibroids

Answer 29

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 30

Degenerative fibroid appearance with possible local invasion of surrounding organs or hepatic metastases

Answer 30

Sonographic appearance of leiomyosarcoma

Question 31

90% of all uterine malignancies are this

Answer 31

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 32

1. Confined to endometrium 2. Confined to uterus 3. Spread beyond uterus but still in pelvis 4. Distal metastasis (ie. liver)

Answer 32

Stages of endometrial carcinoma

Question 33

HRT, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, PCOS, granulosa cell tumours of the ovary

Answer 33

Increased risk for endometrial carcinoma (endo CA)

Question 34

Causes a bizarre endometrium, used in the treatment of breast cancer and is an estrogen antagonist

Answer 34

Tamoxifen

Question 35

A bicornuate uterus is identified on a pelvic ultrasound. Which other organ could have congenital abnormalities and should be included in this study?

Answer 35

Kidneys

Question 36

Upper limit of normal for the endometrium in the reproductive age population?

Answer 36

14mm

Question 37

Which type of lieomyoma is the most common cause of infertility?

Answer 37

Submucosal

Question 38

Which population of patients have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer?

Answer 38

Postmenopausal

Question 39

Answer 39

Synechiae

Question 40

Answer 40

Arteriovenous (AV) malformation

Question 41

Answer 41

Endometrial hyperplasia

Question 42

Answer 42

Endometrial polyps

Question 43

Answer 43

Prominent arcuate vessels

Question 44

Answer 44

Uterine varices

Question 45

Answer 45

Endometritis

Question 46

Answer 46

1. Intramural fibroid 2. Subserosal fibroid 3. Submucosal fibroid

Question 47

Answer 47

Fibroids/leiomyoma

Question 48

Answer 48

Tamoxifen therapy