Ovarian Pathology Flashcards
Remnants of the embryonic ducts, also called cysts of Morgagni, never surrounded by ovarian tissue
Paraovarian cysts
Located midline in the anterior abdominal wall between umbilicus and bladder.
Urachal cyst
Multiple, bilateral cysts caused by excessive amounts of hCG and may rupture, hemorrhage or torsion
Theca Lutean Cysts
Unopposed estrogen with no surge of LH with many immature follicle that never mature or rupture, increased androgen secretion
PCOS
The most extreme form of PCOS
Hyperthecosis or thecosis
Acute sharp pain that is usually associated with ovarian masses
Torsion
Incomplete vs complete torsion
Incomplete: large, fluid filled ovaries with multiple cysts
Complete: increased or decreased echotexture due to infarct or hemorrhage
3 types of neoplastic tumours
- epithelial
- germ cell
- connective tissue/stromal
7 types of epithelial tumours
- serous cystadenoma
- serous cystadenocarcinoma
- mucinous cystadenoma
- mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- Endometroid
- Clear cell carcinoma
- Brenner’s tumour
Common, benign, simply cystic tumour
Serous cystadenoma
Most common malignant ovarian cancer, large, ascites, cystic with irregular texture and walls/thick septations
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Benign, unilateral cystic mass with low level echoes/complex looking, usually very large and may rupture due to size
Mucinous cystadenoma
Rare, malignant neoplasm with complex ascites, risk of pseudomyxoma
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Usually malignant, large, complex looking, menopausal age group, associated with endometrial cancer
Endometrioid carcinoma
Complex malignant mass, also called mesonephoid, Müllerian duct origin
Clear cell carcinoma
AKA transitional cell tumour, rare, benign, solid, variable size, benign
Brenner Tumours
The 4 germ cell tumours
- cystic teratoma (dermoid)
- solid teratoma
- dysgerminoma
- endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour)
Usually benign, mostly complex with fat/fluid/calcifications, “tip of the iceberg” appearance
Dermoid
Also called immature teratoma, can be benign to highly malignant, appears as a solid mass with possible complex internal echoes
Solid teratoma
Solid, rare, in young women, malignant and highly radiosensitive, the male counterpart being seminoma
Dysgerminoma
Malignant, solid, fast growing, increased AFP, poor prognosis
Endodermal sinus tumour/Yolk sac tumour
The 3 connective cell tissue/stromal tumours
- granulosa cell tumour
- sertoli-leydig cell
- fibroma/fibrosarcoma
Solid, usually benign, produces estrogen causing precocious puberty and irregular cycles (connective cell tumour)
Granulosa cell tumour
(Connective cell tumour) Also called androblastoma, produces androgens and causes masculinization, usually benign but can become malignant
Sertoli-leydig cell tumour
(Connective cell tumour) Associated with Meigs’ Syndrome, solid, may look like a fibroid but in the ovary
Fibroma
Malignant form is fibrosarcoma
Large, complex mass that produces mucin and is a met
Krukenberg’s tumour
