Module 12 - Cardiac Abnormalities Flashcards
The heart begins to develop around _____ weeks. It is fully formed by ______ weeks.
5, 10
What are the 3 vessels seen in the 3VV?
PA, Ao, SVC
What is considered tachycardia & bradycardia?
Tachycardia >180 BPM sustained
Bradycardia <100 BPM sustained
Normal fetal HR
120-160
Most common cardiac anomaly
VSD
Endocardial cushions fail to fuse early in embryology
AVSD
Apical displacement of the TV into RV
Ebstein’s Anomaly
Due to decreased flow into/out of LV
Hypoplastic LV
Secondary to pulmonary atresia without a VSD
Hypoplastic RV
How will the aorta appear with hypoplastic LV?
Stenotic or atresia
Myocardium replaced by collagen & elastic tissue, commonly seen with hypoplastic heart syndromes
Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE)
The 4 things wrong with Tetralogy of Fallot
- VSD
- Ao overriding IVS
- Hypertrophy of RV
- Pulmonary stenosis
How will the 3VV appear with tetralogy of fallot?
The PA will be very small/absent, Ao may appear larger
Single large vessel arising from the base of the heart
Truncus arteriosus
Ao & PA arise from RV
Double outlet right ventricle
Ao arising from RV & PA arising from LV
Transposition of the great vessels
2 types of transposition of the great vessels
Complete (D loop)
Corrected (L loop)
Differentiate D TGA and L TGA
D-TGA is dangerous: PA to LV, Ao into RV
L-TGA: RV is attached to LA, sides basically just switched
Narrowing of the aortic lumen
Coarctation
Most common cardiac tumours
Rhabdomyoma
Muscle damage that results in altered cardiac function
Cardiomyopathy
Ectopia Cordis
Heart outside the chest cavity
Bilateral left sidedness with multiple spleens
Polysplenia
Bilateral right sidedness with no spleen
Asplenia
