Module 12 - Cardiac Abnormalities

Question 1

The heart begins to develop around _____ weeks. It is fully formed by ______ weeks.

Answer 1

5, 10

Question 2

What are the 3 vessels seen in the 3VV?

Answer 2

PA, Ao, SVC

Question 3

What is considered tachycardia & bradycardia?

Answer 3

Tachycardia >180 BPM sustained

Bradycardia <100 BPM sustained

Question 4

Normal fetal HR

Answer 4

120-160

Question 5

Most common cardiac anomaly

Answer 5

VSD

Question 6

Endocardial cushions fail to fuse early in embryology

Answer 6

AVSD

Question 7

Apical displacement of the TV into RV

Answer 7

Ebstein’s Anomaly

Question 8

Due to decreased flow into/out of LV

Answer 8

Hypoplastic LV

Question 9

Secondary to pulmonary atresia without a VSD

Answer 9

Hypoplastic RV

Question 10

How will the aorta appear with hypoplastic LV?

Answer 10

Stenotic or atresia

Question 11

Myocardium replaced by collagen & elastic tissue, commonly seen with hypoplastic heart syndromes

Answer 11

Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE)

Question 12

The 4 things wrong with Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 12

• VSD
• Ao overriding IVS
• Hypertrophy of RV
• Pulmonary stenosis

Question 13

How will the 3VV appear with tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 13

The PA will be very small/absent, Ao may appear larger

Question 14

Single large vessel arising from the base of the heart

Answer 14

Truncus arteriosus

Question 15

Ao & PA arise from RV

Answer 15

Double outlet right ventricle

Question 16

Ao arising from RV & PA arising from LV

Answer 16

Transposition of the great vessels

Question 17

2 types of transposition of the great vessels

Answer 17

Complete (D loop)

Corrected (L loop)

Question 18

Differentiate D TGA and L TGA

Answer 18

D-TGA is dangerous: PA to LV, Ao into RV

L-TGA: RV is attached to LA, sides basically just switched

Question 19

Narrowing of the aortic lumen

Answer 19

Coarctation

Question 20

Most common cardiac tumours

Answer 20

Rhabdomyoma

Question 21

Muscle damage that results in altered cardiac function

Answer 21

Cardiomyopathy

Question 22

Ectopia Cordis

Answer 22

Heart outside the chest cavity

Question 23

Bilateral left sidedness with multiple spleens

Answer 23

Polysplenia

Question 24

Bilateral right sidedness with no spleen

Answer 24

Asplenia