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Ob Gyne 3 > Module 16 - Placenta & GTN > Flashcards

Module 16 - Placenta & GTN Flashcards

1
Q

How is the placenta graded?

A

Grade 0, I, II, II

0 being best, III being worst

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2
Q

What is considered placentamegaly?

A

> 4cm thick

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3
Q

Name 3 causes of placentamegaly

A
  • maternal diabetes
  • maternal anemia
  • hydrops
  • placental hemorrhage
  • intrauterine infection
  • partial mole
  • chromosomal abnormalities
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4
Q

What is considered a thin placenta?

A

<1.5cm

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5
Q

Anechoic structures within the placental parenchyma

A

Placental lakes

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6
Q

Low lying placenta, <2cm from the internal os

A

Low lying placenta

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7
Q

Placenta touches the internal os

A

Partial placenta previa

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8
Q

Placenta completely covers the internal os

A

Complete placenta previa

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9
Q

Accessory lobe of the placenta

A

Succenturiate

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10
Q

Battledore umbilical cord insertion

A

<2cm from placental edge

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11
Q

Velamentous insertion

A

Cord inserts into chorionic membranes

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12
Q

Teratoma, chorioangioma

A

Tumours of the placenta

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13
Q

Describe the following: Accreta, increta, percreta?

A

Accreta: attaches to myometrium
Increta: invades into the myometrium
Percreta: invades through the myometrium

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14
Q

What is the function of the trophoblast?

A

Gain access to maternal circulation

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15
Q

Abnormal proliferation of pregnancy related trophoblast that can become malignant

A

Molar pregnancy

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16
Q

Most common form of GTN

A

Complete molar pregnancy

17
Q

Karyotype of a complete mole

A

46xx or 46yy usually

Can be 46xy if it is fertilized by 2 sperm

18
Q

How does a complete mole come to be?

A

Ovum lacking chromosomes is fertilized by normal sperm, causing the paternal chromosomes to duplicate

19
Q

What are the major signs and symptoms of molar pregnancy?

A

Large for dates uterus, passing of grape-like tissue (hydropic villi), extremely high hCG levels, extreme nausea, pre-eclampsia

20
Q

What is the karyotype of a partial molar pregnancy?

A

Triploidy. 69xxx, 69xxy or 69xyy

21
Q

How do partial moles come to be?

A

One set of maternal chromosomes fertilized by 2 sets of paternal chromosomes OR ovum with duplicated chromosomes fertilized by 1 sperm

22
Q

Invasive mole and choriocarcinoma are referred to as what?

A

Persistent trophoblastic neoplasia (PTN)

23
Q

How long after a molar pregnancy is a woman advised to avoid conceiving again?

A

1 year

Ob Gyne 3 (17 decks)

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